Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

A review of damage-reducing measures to manage fluvial flood risks in a changing climate

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Damage due to floods has increased during the last few decades, and further increases are expected in several regions due to climate change and growing vulnerability. To address the projected increase in flood risk, a combination of structural and non-structural flood risk mitigation measures is considered as a promising adaptation strategy. Such a combination takes into account that flood defence systems may fail, and prepares for unexpected crisis situations via land-use planning and private damage reduction, e.g. via building precautionary measures, and disaster response. However, knowledge about damage-reducing measures is scarce and often fragmented since based on case studies. For instance, it is believed that private precautionary measures, like shielding with water shutters or building fortification, are especially effective in areas with frequent flood events and low flood water levels. However, some of these measures showed a significant damage-reducing effect also during the extreme flood event in 2002 in Germany. This review analyses potentials of land-use planning and private flood precautionary measures as components of adaptation strategies for global change. Focus is on their implementation, their damage-reducing effects and their potential contribution to address projected changes in flood risk, particularly in developed countries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. http://www.region2coastal.com/faqs/advisory-bfe-faq

References

  • ABI (2003) Assessment of the cost and effect on future claims of installing flood damage resistant measures. Association of British Insurers (ABI), London

  • Aerts JCJH, Botzen WJW (2011) Flood-resilient waterfront development in New York City: bridging flood insurance, building codes, and flood zoning. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1227(1):1–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Aerts JCJH, Botzen WJW, De Moel H et al (2013) Cost estimates for flood resilience and protection strategies in New York city. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1294:1–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Aerts JCJH, Botzen WJW, Emanuel K et al (2014) Evaluating flood resilience strategies for coastal mega-cities. Science 344:473–475. doi:10.1126/science.1248222

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander ER (2002) The public interest in planning: from legitimation to substantive plan evaluation. Planning Theory 1(3):226–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Arciniegas G, Jansen R, Rietveld P (2013) Effectiveness of collaborative map-based decision support tools: results of an experiment. Environ Model Software 39:159–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball T, Werritty A, Geddes A (2013) Insurance and sustainability in flood-risk management: the UK in a transitional state. Area 45(3):266–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Barredo JI (2009) Normalised flood losses in Europe: 1970–2006. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9:97–104. doi:10.5194/nhess-9-97-2009

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker A, Grünewald U (2003) Flood risk in central Europe. Science 300:1099

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckers JVL, De Bruijn KM (2011) Analyse van Slachtofferrisico’s, Waterveiligheid 21e eeuw, Report 1204144-005, Deltares, Delft

  • Benoît R, Forget S, Rouselle J (2003) The effectiveness of flood damage reduction measures in the Montreal region. Nat Hazards 28:367–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkes F, Colding J, Folke C (eds) (2003) Navigating social-ecological systems: building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Böhm HR, Haupter B, Heiland P et al (2004) Implementation of flood risk management measures into spatial plans and policies. River Res Appl 20:255–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Botzen WJW, Aerts JCJH, van den Bergh JCJM (2009) Dependence of flood risk perceptions on socioeconomic and objective risk factors. Water Resour Res 45:W10440. doi:10.1029/2009WR007743

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradford RA, O’Sullivan JJ, van der Craats IM et al (2012) Risk perception-issues for flood management in Europe. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12(7):2299–2309

    Google Scholar 

  • Bubeck P, De Moel H (2010) Sensitivity analysis of flood damage calculations for the river Rhine. 32 Report IVM, DG Waters, The Netherlands

  • Bubeck P, Botzen WJW, Aerts JCJH (2012a) A review of risk perceptions and other factors that influence flood mitigation behavior. Risk Anal 32(9):1481–1495

    Google Scholar 

  • Bubeck P, Botzen WJW, Kreibich H et al (2012b) Long-term development and effectiveness of private flood mitigation measures: an analysis for the German part of the river Rhine. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12(11):3507–3518

    Google Scholar 

  • Bubeck P, Botzen WJW, Kreibich H et al (2013) Detailed insights into the influence of flood-coping appraisals on mitigation behaviour. Glob Environ Chang 23(5):1327–1338

    Google Scholar 

  • Bubeck P, Kreibich H, Penning-Rowsell E, Botzen WJW, De Moel H, Klijn F (2014) Explaining differences in flood management approaches in Europe and the USA—a comparative analysis. Journal of Flood Risk Management (in press)

  • Burby RJ (2001) Flood insurance and floodplain management: the US experience. Environ Hazards 3:111–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Burby RJ, Beatley T, Berke PR et al (1999) Unleashing the power of planning to create disaster-resistant communities. J Am Plann Assoc 65(3):247–258. doi:10.1080/01944369908976055

    Google Scholar 

  • Burby RJ, Salvesen D, Creed M (2006) Encouraging residential rehabilitation with building codes: New Jersey’s experience. J Am Plann Assoc 72(2):183–196. doi:10.1080/01944360608976738

    Google Scholar 

  • BWG (Swiss Federal Office for Water and Geology) (ed) (2001) Hochwasserschutz an Fliessgewässern. BWG, Bern

  • Cabinet Office (2008) The Pitt Review—learning lessons from the 2007 floods, Cabinet Office, 22 22 Whitehall, London SW1A 2WH. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100807034701/http:/archive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/pittreview/thepittreview/final_report.html. Accessed 17 Dec 2014

  • Chatterjee M (2010) Slum dwellers response to flooding events in the megacities of India. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang 15:337–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho R (2011) Making room for rivers: a different approach to flood control. Water matters—news from the Columbia Water Center. http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/06/07/making-room-for-rivers-a-different-approach-to-flood-control/

  • Cohen GA (2000) If you’re an egalitarian, how come you’re so rich. Harvard Univ Pr, Harvard

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson RJ, Ball T, Werritty J et al (2014) Assessing the effectiveness of non-structural flood management measures in the Thames Estuary under conditions of socio-economic and environmenmtal change. Glob Environ Chang 21(2):628–646

    Google Scholar 

  • De Bruijn KM (2005) Resilience and flood risk management: a systems approach applied to lowland rivers. Delft University Press, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  • De Bruijn KM, Klijn F (2009) Risky places in The Netherlands: a first approximation for floods. J Flood Risk Manag 2:58–67

    Google Scholar 

  • De Moel H, van Alphen J, Aerts JCJH (2009) Flood maps in Europe—methods, availability and use. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9(2):289–301

    Google Scholar 

  • De Moel H, Aerts JCJH, Koomen E (2011) Development of flood exposure in The Netherlands during the 20th and 21st century. Glob Environ Chang 21(2):620–627. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.12.005

    Google Scholar 

  • De Moel H, van Vliet M, Aerts JCJH (2014) Evaluating the effect of flood damage-reducing measures: a case study of the unembanked area of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Reg Environ Chang 14:895–908

    Google Scholar 

  • DECC-NSW (Department of Environment and Climate Change New South Wales) (2008) Reducing vulnerability of buildings to flood damage—guidance on building in flood prone areas. Prepared for the Hawkesbury-Nepean Floodplain Management Steering Committee. DECC-NSW, Australia

  • DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) (2005) Making space for water—taking forward a new government strategy for flood and coastal erosion risk management in England. First government response to the autumn 2004 ‘making space for water’ consultation exercise. HM Treasury, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, Department for Transport and DEFRA

  • DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) (2007) Flood resistance and resilience solutions: an R&D scoping study. R&D Technical Report, DEFRA, http://archive.defra.gov.uk/environment/flooding/documents/manage/frrs-scope.pdf. Cited 7 Nov 2014

  • DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) (2008) Developing the evidence base for flood resistance and resilience: Summary Report. R&D Technical Report FD2607/TR1. Environment Agency and DEFRA, London

  • Di Baldassarre G, Castellarin A, Brath A (2009) Analysis of the effects of levee heightening on flood propagation: example of the River Po, Italy. Hydrol Sci J 54(6):1007–1017

    Google Scholar 

  • Egli T (2000) Gefahrenkarten für die Bauvorsorge und Notfallplanung. Workshop Vorbeugender Hochwasserschutz auf kommunaler Ebene 13./14.12.2000. Dresden Institut für ökologische Raumentwicklung. Umweltbundesamt, Berlin

  • Eikelboom T, Janssen R (2013) Interactive spatial tools for the design of regional adaptation strategies. J Environ Manage 127:6–14

    Google Scholar 

  • FEMA (1998a) Homeowner’s guide to retrofitting—six ways to protect your house from flooding. FEMA Publications, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC

  • FEMA (1998b) Repairing your flooded home. FEMA Publications, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC

  • FEMA (1999) Protecting building utilities from flood damage—principles and practices for the design and construction of flood resistant building utility systems. FEMA Publications, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC

  • FEMA (2009) Homeowner’s guide to retrofitting, 2nd edn. FEMA Publications, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC. http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1420

  • Environment Agency (2003a) Damage limitation—how to make your home flood resistant. Environment Agency, Bristol

  • Environment Agency (2003b) Flood products. Using flood protection products—a guide for homeowners. Environment Agency, Bristol

  • Environment Agency (2010) Flood and coastal risk management risk mapping strategy 2010–2015. Environment Agency, Bristol

  • SEPA (2003) Flood alleviation products. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Stirling

  • Erdlenbruch K, Thoyer S, Grelot F et al (2009) Risk-sharing policies in the context of the French flood prevention action programmes. J Environ Manage 91(2):363–369. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.09.002

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2000) Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the community action in the field of water policy. Off J L 327

  • European Commission (2007) Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks. Off J EU 6, L 288/27–34

  • Evans E, Ashley R, Hall J, Penning-Rowsell EP, Sayers PB, Thorne CR et al (2004) Foresight future flooding, scientific summary: Volume 2: managing future risks. Office of Science and Technology, London

  • Federal Environment Agency (2010) Water resource management in Germany. Part 1: Fundamentals. Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau

  • Fleischhauer M (2005) Country report—France. In: Greiving S, Fleischhauer M, Wanczura S (eds) Report on the European scenario of technological and scientific standards reached in spatial planning versus natural risk management. ARMONIA Project, Dortmund

  • APFM (2007) The role of land-use planning in flood management—a tool for integrated flood management. Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM) Technical Document No. 12, Flood management tools series. World Meteorological Organisation, Global Water Partnership

  • MUF (1998) Hochwasserhandbuch—Leben, Wohnen und Bauen in hochwassergefährdeten Gebieten des Ministeriums für Umwelt und Forsten Rheinland-Pfalz. Ministerium für Umwelt und Forsten Rheinland-Pfalz (MUF), Mainz

  • Fraser Basin Council and Arlington Group (2008) Flood hazard area land use management. Review of flood hazard area land use management in B.C. Fraser Basin Council and Arlington Group, Vancouver, BC

  • Fuchs S, Spachinger K, Dorner W et al (2009) Evaluating cartographic design in flood risk mapping. Environ Hazards 8(1):52–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Gersonius B, Zevenbergen C, Puyan N, Billah MMM (2008) Efficiency of private flood proofing of new buildings—adapted redevelopment of a floodplain in the Netherlands. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 118: Flood Recovery, Innovation and Response. DOI 10.2495/FRIAR080241

  • Glavovic BC (2010) The role of land-use planning in disaster risk reduction: an introduction to perspectives from Australia. The Australian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies 1 http://trauma.massey.ac.nz/issues/2010-1/editorial.htm

  • Graham M, Ogilvie J, Reid T et al (2012) Best practices for managing surface water flooding: applying lessons learned in the UK to Canada. Proc Annu Conf Can Soc Civ Eng 2:1053–1062

    Google Scholar 

  • Green CH, Parker DJ, Tunstall SM (2000) Assessment of flood control and management options. WCD Thematic Review Options Assessment: IV.4. Prepared for the World Commission on Dams (WCD). Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University, London

  • Grothmann T, Reusswig F (2006) People at risk of flooding: why some residents take precautionary action while others do not. Nat Hazards 38(1–2):101–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampshire Flood Steering Group (2002) Managing flood risks in parishes—a best practice guide, 2nd edn. Environment Agency, Bristol

  • Heiland P (2002) Vorsorgender Hochwasserschutz durch Raumplanung, interregionale Kooperation und ökonomischen Lastenausgleich. Schriftenreihe WAR 143, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt

  • Holub M, Fuchs S (2008) Benefits of local structural protection to mitigate torrent-related hazards. In: Brebbia CA, Beritatos E (eds) Risk analysis VI. WIT Transactions on Information and Communication Technologies, WIT Press, Vol. 39, pp 401–411

  • Holub M, Fuchs S (2009) Mitigating mountain hazards in Austria—legislation, risk transfer, and awareness building. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9:523–537. doi:10.5194/nhess-9-523-2009

    Google Scholar 

  • Holub M, Hübl J (2008) Local protection against mountain hazards—state of the art and future needs. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 8:81–99. doi:10.5194/nhess-8-81-2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Holway JM, Burby RJ (1993) Reducing flood losses local planning and land use controls. J Am Plann Assoc 59(2):205–216. doi:10.1080/0194436930897586

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooijer A, Klijn F, Pedroli GBM et al (2004) Towards sustainable flood risk management in the Rhine and Meuse river basins: synopsis of the findings of IRMA-SPONGE. River Res Appl 20:343–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson P, Botzen WJW, Kreibich H et al (2014) Evaluating the effectiveness of flood damage mitigation measures by the application of propensity score matching. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 14(7):1731–1747

    Google Scholar 

  • ICPR (International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine) (2002) Non-structural flood plain management: measures and their effectiveness. ICPR, Koblenz

  • Jones CP, Coulbourne WL, Marshall J, Rogers SM Jr, Jones C, et al. (2006) Evaluation of the National Flood Insurance Program’s building standards. American Institutes for Research and the NFIP Evaluation Working Group. http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=2592

  • DKKV (2003) Hochwasservorsorge in Deutschland—Lernen aus der Katastrophe 2002 im Elbegebiet. Schriftenreihe des DKKV 29, Lessons Learned. Deutsches Komitee für Katastrophenvorsorge (DKKV), Bonn

  • Keessen AM, Hamer JM, Van Rijswick HFMW, Wiering M (2013) The concept of resilience from a normative perspective: examples from Dutch adaptation strategies. 18(2)

  • Kinzig AP (2001) Bridging disciplinary divides to address environmental and intellectual challenges. Ecosystems 4:709–715

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleindorfer PR, Kunreuther H (1999) The complementary roles of mitigation and insurance in managing catastrophic risks. Risk Anal 19(4):727–738

    Google Scholar 

  • Klijn F, Asselman NEM, Van der Most H (2010) Compartmentalisation: flood consequences reduction by splitting up large polder areas. J Flood Risk Manage 3:3–17. doi:10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01047.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Koerth J, Jones N, Vafeidis AT et al (2013) Household adaptation and intention to adapt to coastal flooding in the Axios–Loudias–Aliakmonas National Park, Greece. Ocean Coast Manag 82:43–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Koks EE, De Moel H, Aerts JCJH et al (2014) Effect of spatial adaptation measures on flood risk: study of coastal floods in Belgium. Reg Environ Chang 14(1):413–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich H, Thieken AH (2009) Coping with floods in the city of Dresden, Germany. Nat Hazards 51(3):423–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich H, Thieken AH, Petrow T et al (2005a) Flood loss reduction of private households due to building precautionary measures: lessons learned from the Elbe flood in august 2002. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 5(1):117–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich H, Thieken AH, Müller M, Merz B (2005b) Precautionary measures reduce flood losses of households and companies—insights from the 2002 flood in Saxony, Germany. In: van Alphen J, Beek E, Taal M (eds) Floods, from defence to management. Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, pp 851–859

  • Kreibich H, Müller M, Thieken AH et al (2007) Flood precaution of companies and their ability to cope with the flood in August 2002 in Saxony, Germany. Water Resour Res 43:W03408. doi:10.1029/2005WR004691

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich H, Piroth K, Seifert I et al (2009a) Is flow velocity a significant parameter in flood damage modelling? Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9:1679–1692

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich H, Thieken AH, Grunenberg H et al (2009b) Extent, perception and mitigation of damage due to high groundwater levels in the city of Dresden, Germany. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9(4):1247–1258

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich H, Seifert I, Thieken AH et al (2011a) Recent changes in flood preparedness of private households and businesses in Germany. Reg Environ Chang 11(1):59–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich H, Christenberger S, Schwarze R (2011b) Economic motivation of households to undertake private precautionary measures against floods. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 11(2):309–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich H, Christenberger S, Schwarze R (2012) Corrigendum to “Economic motivation of households to undertake private precautionary measures against floods” published in Nat hazards earth Syst Sci 11:309–321, 2011. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12:391–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich H, van den Bergh JCJM, Bouwer LM et al (2014a) Costing natural hazards. Nat Clim Chang 4:303–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich H, Bubeck P, Kunz M et al (2014b) A review of multiple natural hazards and risks in Germany. Nat Hazards 74(3):2279–2304

    Google Scholar 

  • Kummu M, De Moel H, Ward PJ et al (2011) How close do we live to water? A global analysis of population distance to freshwater bodies. PLoS One 6(6):e20578

    Google Scholar 

  • Kundzewicz ZW, Ulbrich U, Brücher T et al (2005) Summer floods in Central Europe—climate change track? Nat Hazards 36:165–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Kundzewicz ZW, Kanae S, Seneviratne SI et al (2013) Flood risk and climate change: global and regional perspectives. Hydrol Sci J 59(1):1–28. doi:10.1080/02626667.2013.857411

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunreuther H, Meyer RJ, Michel-Kerjan E (2007) Strategies for better protection against catastrophic risks. Working Paper 2007-09-14. Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania

  • Lane SN, Landström C, Whatmore SJ (2011) Imagining flood futures: risk assessment and management in practice. Phil Trans R Soc A 369:1784–1806

    Google Scholar 

  • Lasage R, Veldkamp TIE, De Moel H et al (2014) Assessment of the effectiveness of flood adaptation strategies for HCMC. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 14(6):1441–1457

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Y-S, Raso G, Zhao Z-Y et al (2007) Large water management projects and schistosomiasis control, Dongting lake region, China. Emerg Infect Dis 13(7):973–979

    Google Scholar 

  • Lumbroso D, Vinet F (2011) A comparison of the causes, effects and aftermaths of the coastal flooding of England in 1953 and France in 2010. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 11(8):2321–2333

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddux JE, Rogers RW (1983) Protection motivation and selfefficacy. A revised theory of fear appeals and attitude-change. J Exp Soc Psychol 19(5):469–479

    Google Scholar 

  • Marco JB (1994) Flood risk mapping. In: Rossi G, Harmancioglu N, Yevjevich V (eds) Coping with floods. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 353–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Menendez M (2000) Design discharge calculations and flood plain management. European Commission (Directorate General XII): FLOODaware Final report, Cemagref, 53–82

  • Mens MJP, Klijn F, De Bruijn KM et al (2011) The meaning of system robustness for flood risk management. Environ Sci Pol 14:1121–1131. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2011.08.003

    Google Scholar 

  • Merz B, Thieken AH, Gocht M (2007) Flood risk mapping at the local scale: concepts and challenges. In: Begum S, Stive MJF, Hall JW (eds) Flood risk management in Europe—innovation in policy and practice. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 231–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Merz B, Kreibich H, Schwarze R et al (2010) Assessment of economic flood damage. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 10:1697–1724. doi:10.5194/nhess-10-1697-2010

    Google Scholar 

  • Merz B, Kundzewicz ZW, Delgado J, Hundecha Y, Kreibich H (2012) Detection and attribution of changes in flood hazard and risk. In: Kundzewicz ZW (ed) Changes in flood risk in Europe. IAHS Special Publication 10:435–458

  • Meyer V, Kuhlicke C, Luther J et al (2012) Recommendations for the user-specific enhancement of flood maps. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12:1707–1716

    Google Scholar 

  • Miceli R, Sotgiu I, Settanni M (2008) Disaster preparedness and perception of flood risk: a study in an alpine valley in Italy. J Environ Psychol 28(2):164–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (2011) Besluit algemene regels ruimtelijke ordening

  • Ministry of Transport and Water, Ministry of Housing Spatial Planning and Environment and Ministry of Agriculture Nature and Food quality (2009) Beleidsnota Waterveiligheid 2009–2015

  • Ministry of Transport Public Works and Water Management (2006) Beleidslijn grote rivieren (policy guideline major rivers)

  • Ministry of Water Land and Air Protection (2004) Flood hazard area land use management guidelines. Province of British Columbia

  • Munich Re (2014) Natural catastrophes 2013 analyses, assessments, positions. Munich Re, Munich

  • Neuvel JMM, Van den Brink A (2009) Flood risk management in Dutch local spatial planning practices. J Environ Plan Manag 52(7):865–880. doi:10.1080/09640560903180909

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser Basin Council (and Northwest Hydraulic Consultants Ltd) (2006) Lower Fraser River hydraulic model—summary of results. Fraser Basin Council, Vancouver

  • OECD (2006) OECD Studies in Risk Management: Japan Floods. OECD

  • Olfert A, Schanze J (2008) New approaches to ex-post evaluation of risk reduction measures: the example of flood proofing in Dresden, Germany. In: Samuels P, Huntington S, Allsop W, Harrop J (eds) Flood risk management: research and practice. Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp 1173–1184

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson P, Folke C, Berkes F (2004) Adaptive comanagement for building resilience in social–ecological systems. Environ Manage 34(1):75–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrow T, Thieken AH, Kreibich H et al (2006) Improvements on flood alleviation in Germany: lessons learned from the Elbe flood in august 2002. Environ Manage 38:717–732

    Google Scholar 

  • Pielke RA (1999) Nine fallacies of floods. Clim Change 42:413–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieterse N, Tennekes J, Van de Pas B et al (2013) Flood hazard mapping for spatial planning: conceptual and methodological considerations. In: Klijn F, Schweckendiek T (eds) Comprehensive flood risk management. Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp 779–784

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinter N (2005) One step forward, two steps back on U.S. Floodplains. Science 308(5719):207–208

    Google Scholar 

  • PLANAT (National Platform for Natural Hazards) (2004) The cycle of integrated risk management. http://www.planat.ch. Cited 28 Oct 2004

  • Plapp T, Werner U (2006) Understanding risk perception from natural hazards: examples from Germany. In: Amman WJ, Dannenmann S, Vulliet L (eds) RISK 21—coping with risks due to natural hazards in the 21st century. Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp 101–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Pottier N (2000) Risques d’inondation, reglementations et territoires. Hommes et Terres du Nord 2:93–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Pottier N (2002) Gestion du risque d’inondation et maıtrise de l’urbanisation dans le val de Saone. In: Bravard JP, Combier J, Commercon N (eds) La Saone: Axe de civilisation. Presses Universitaires de Lyon, pp 197–213

  • Pottier N, Penning-Rowsell E, Tunstall S et al (2005) Land use and flood protection: contrasting approaches and outcomes in France and in England and Wales. Appl Geogr 25:1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Poussin JK, Bubeck P, Aerts JCJH et al (2012) Potential of semi-structural and non-structural adaptation strategies to reduce future flood risk: case study for the Meuse. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12:3455–3471. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-3455-2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Poussin JK, Botzen WJ, Aerts JC (2014) Factors of influence on flood damage mitigation behaviour by households. Environ Sci Pol 40:69–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Raschky PA (2008) Institutions and the losses from natural disasters. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 8:627–634. doi:10.5194/nhess-8-627-2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawls J (1973) A theory of justice. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynaud A, Aubert C, Nguyen MH (2013) Living with floods: protective behaviours and risk perception of Vietnamese households. Geneva Pap 38:547–579

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers RW (1975) A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. J Psychol 91:93–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers RW (1983) Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: a revised theory of protection motivation. In: Cacioppo BL, Petty RE (eds) Social psychophysiology: a sourcebook. Guilford Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Seifert I, Botzen WJW, Kreibich H et al (2013) Influence of flood risk characteristics on flood insurance demand: a comparison between Germany and the Netherlands. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 13(7):1691–1705

    Google Scholar 

  • Shrubsole D (2007) From structures to sustainability: a history of flood management strategies in Canada. Int J Emerg Manag 4(2):183–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegrist M (2013) The necessity for longitudinal studies in risk perception research. Risk Anal 33(1):50–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegrist M, Gutscher H (2006) Flooding risks: a comparison of lay people’s perceptions and expert’s assessments in Switzerland. Risk Anal 26(4):971–979

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegrist M, Gutscher H (2008) Natural hazards and motivation for mitigation behaviour: people cannot predict the affect evoked by a severe flood. Risk Anal 28(3):771–778

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigmaplan (2014) Meet the Scheldt—The Sigma Plan: roadmap to an invigorated Scheldt region. Waterwegen en Zeekanaal NV, Sea Scheldt Department, Antwerp. http://www.sigmaplan.be/en/publications/general-brochures/general-sigma-brochure

  • Smith DI (1981) Actual and potential flood damage: a case study for urban Lismore, NSW, Australia. Appl Geogr 1:31–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith DI (1994) Flood damage estimation—a review of urban stage-damage curves and loss functions. Water Sa 20(3):231–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Stadt Köln (1994) Hochwasser-Merkblatt für Bewohner gefährdeter Gebiete der Stadt Köln, Köln

  • Stalenberg B, Vrijling J (2006) Interaction between Dutch flood protection and urbanization. International Symposium of Lowland Technology, Saga

  • Takao K, Motoyoshi T, Sato T et al (2004) Factors determining residents’ preparedness for floods in modern megalopolises: the case of the Tokai flood disaster in Japan. J Risk Res 7(7–8):775–787

    Google Scholar 

  • Te Linde AH, Bubeck P, Dekkers JEC et al (2011) Future flood risk estimates along the river Rhine. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 11:459–473

    Google Scholar 

  • Thieken AH, Petrow T, Kreibich H et al (2006) Insurability and mitigation of flood losses in private households in Germany. Risk Anal 26(2):383–395

    Google Scholar 

  • Thieken AH, Kreibich H, Muller M et al (2007) Coping with floods: preparedness, response and recovery of flood-affected residents in Germany in 2002. Hydrol Sci J 52(5):1016–1037

    Google Scholar 

  • Thieken AH, Cammerer H, Dobler C et al (2014) Estimating changes in flood risks and benefits of non-structural adaptation strategies—a case study from Tyrol Austria. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang. doi:10.1007/s11027-014-9602-3

    Google Scholar 

  • MURL (2000) Hochwasserfibel—Bauvorsorge in hochwassergefährdeten Gebieten. Ministerium für Umwelt, Raumordnung und Landwirtschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (MURL), Düsseldorf

  • USACE (US Army Corps of Engineers (1995) Flood proofing. Washington, DC, EP:1165-2-314

  • USACE (US Army Corps of Engineers) (1996) Engineering and design. Risk-based analysis for flood damage reduction studies. Washington, DC, Manual No. 1110-2-1619

  • Van Vliet M, Aerts JCJH (2014) Adaptation to climate change in urban water management—flood management in the Rotterdam Rijnmond Area. In: Grafton RQ, Daniell KA, Naugeset C (eds) Understanding and managing urban water in transition. Springer, Dordrecht

  • VAwS-Baden-Württemberg (2005) Verordnung des Ministeriums für Umwelt und Verkehr über Anlagen zum Umgang mit wassergefährdenden Stoffen und über Fachbetriebe, Anlagenverordnung Wassergefährdende Stoffe—VawS, Baden-Württemberg

  • VAwS-Bayern (2008) Verordnung über Anlagen zum Umgang mit wassergefährdenden Stoffen und über Fachbetriebe, Anlagenverordnung-VAwS, Bayern

  • VAwS-Hessen (2006) Verordnung über Anlagen zum Umgang mit wassergefährdenden Stoffen und über Fachbetriebe, Anlagenverordnung-VAwS, Hessen

  • BMVBW (2002) Hochwasserschutzfibel—Planen und Bauen von Gebäuden in hochwassergefährdeten Gebieten. Bundesministerium für Verkehr-, Bau- und Wohnungswesen (BMVBW), Berlin

  • Wachinger G, Renn O, Begg C et al (2013) The risk perception paradox—implications for governance and communication of natural hazards. Risk Anal 33(6):1049–1065

    Google Scholar 

  • Wanczura S (2005) Country report—Poland. In: Greiving S, Fleischhauer M, Wanczura S (eds) Report on the European scenario of technological and scientific standards reached in spatial planning versus natural risk management. ARMONIA Project, Dortmund

  • Wasserhaushaltsgesetz (2009) Gesetz zur Ordnung des Wasserhaushalts (WHG)

  • Watt WE (2000) Twenty years of flood risk mapping under the Canadian national flood damage reduction program. In: Marsalek J et al (eds) Flood issues in contemporary water management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 155–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson E (2006) Adapting to climate change at the local level: the spatial planning response. Local Environ 11(6):609–625

    Google Scholar 

  • Wind HG, Nierop TM, De Blois CJ et al (1999) Analysis of flood damages from the 1993 and 1995 Meuse floods. Water Resour Res 35(11):3459–3465

    Google Scholar 

  • Wisner B (1998) Marginality and vulnerability: why the homeless of Tokyo don’t ‘count’ in disaster preparations. Appl Geogr 18:25–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman M, Pozzi A, Stoessel F (2005) Vademecum—hazard maps and related instruments, The Swiss system and its application abroad, PLANAT, Bern, http://162.23.39.120/dezaweb/ressources/resource_en_25123.pdf

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was carried out in the framework of the project ‘Climate Proof Flood Risk Management’ Theme 1 and ‘Governance of Adaptation to Climate Change’ Theme 7 of the Dutch National Research Programme ‘Knowledge for Climate’ (KfC).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heidi Kreibich.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kreibich, H., Bubeck, P., Van Vliet, M. et al. A review of damage-reducing measures to manage fluvial flood risks in a changing climate. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 20, 967–989 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-014-9629-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-014-9629-5

Keywords

Navigation