Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

New perspectives on person-centered care: an affordance-based account

  • Scientific Contribution
  • Published:
Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

    We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

    Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Abstract

Despite the growing interest and supporting evidence for person-centered care (PCC), there is still a fundamental disagreement about what makes healthcare person-centered. In this article, we define PCC as operating with three fundamental conditions: personal, participatory and holistic. To further understand these concepts, we develop a framework based on the theory of affordances, which we apply to the healthcare case of rehabilitation and a concrete experiment on social interactions between persons with cerebral palsy and physio- and occupational therapists. Based on the application of the theory, we argue that in order for healthcare to be considered as PCC, professionals need to adopt a personalistic attitude in their care, defined (at the how-level) in terms of mutual affordances: how the professional and the person of care acknowledges each other as a person in an interaction. In opposition, we define (at the what level) the functionalistic attitude in terms of object affordances, those related to a concrete goal. We show that PCC requires a balance of personalistic and functionalistic attitudes, since this contributes to a participatory and holistic conception of, and interaction with, the person of care.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

Notes

  1. Thanks to one of the reviewers for making clear the difference between the patient- and person-centered approaches. We agree with the reviewer that typically these two approaches are conflated, and that the terms ‘patient’ and ‘person’ are used as synonyms. However, there is a distinguishable difference in working with a patient- and person-centered approaches in health care. Thus, when we use the term ‘patient’ we do so while acknowledging that the term is socially defined within a healthcare setting, but maintaining the strong emphasis on the personhood of the patient.

  2. Mead and Bower operate with five conditions for patient-centered care: (1) biopsychosocial perspective, (2) ‘patient-as-person’ (3) sharing power and responsibility, (4) therapeutic alliance and (5) ‘doctor-as-person’ (Mead and Bower 2000). In our conceptualisation of PCC we group (2) and (5) under the heading of personal and (3) and (4) under the heading of participatory.

  3. Gibson proposed the notion of mutual affordance, and considered it extremely important for an account of perception: “The richest and most elaborate affordances of the environment are provided by other animals and, for us, other people. (…) Sexual behavior, nurturing behavior, fighting behavior, cooperative behavior, economic behavior, political behavior—all depend on the perceiving of what another person or other persons afford, or sometimes on the misperceiving of it” (Gibson 1979, pp. 126–127). Nevertheless, he didn’t develop it further. We hereby propose a phenomenologically inspired notion of mutual affordance.

  4. See also Brancazio (2020) for a detailed account of the different types of affordances.

  5. The theory of affordances was deeply influenced by Husserlian phenomenology through Gibson’s reading of Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception. See Lobo et al. (2018).

  6. We thank Sofie Ejlersen for calling our attention to this point.

References

  • Aisen, M.L., D. Kerkovich, J. Mast, S. Mulroy, T.A. Wren, R.M. Kay, and S.A. Rethlefsen. 2011. Cerebral palsy: Clinical care and neurological rehabilitation. Lancet Neurology 10 (9): 844–852. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70176-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, R.M., and M.M. Funnell. 2005. Patient empowerment: Reflections on the challenge of fostering the adoption of a new paradigm. Patient Education and Counseling 57 (2): 153–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2004.05.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, E. 2014. Valuing disability, causing disability. Ethics 125 (1): 88–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, E. 2016. The Minority Body: A Theory of Disability. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, M.P. 2001. An overview of the clinical management of spasticity. In Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome and Spasticity: Clinical Management and Neurophysiology, ed. M.P. Barnes and G.R. Johnson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berwick, D. 2009. What “Patient-Centered” should mean: Confessions of an extremist. Health Affairs 28 (4): W555–W565. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.4.w555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brancazio, N. 2020. Being perceived and being ‘Seen’: Interpersonal affordances, agency, and selfhood. Frontiers in Psychology 11: 1750. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01750.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buetow, S. 2016. Person-Centred Health Care: Balancing the Welfare of Clinicians and Patients. London and New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Buetow, S.A., P. Martínez-Martín, M.A. Hirsch, and M.S. Okun. 2016. Beyond patient-centered care: Person-centered care for Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Parkinson’s Disease 2 (1): 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buetow, S.A., N. Kapur, and G. Wolbring. 2019. From rehabilitation to ultrabilitation: Moving forward. Disability and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1620873.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buetow, S.A., P. Martínez-Martín, and B. Mccormack. 2017. Ultrabilitation: Beyond recovery-oriented rehabilitation. Disability and Rehabilitation 41 (6): 740–745. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1406997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Canguilhem, G. 1991. The Normal and the Pathological. New York: Zone Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro, E.M., T. Van Regenmortel, K. Vanhaecht, W. Sermeus, and A. Van Hecke. 2016. Patient empowerment, patient participation and patient-centeredness in hospital care: A concept analysis based on a literature review. Patient Education and Counseling 99 (12): 1923–1939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.07.026.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chemero, A. 2009. Radical Embodied Cognitive Science. Cambridge and London: The MIT Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ciechanowski, P., and W.J. Katon. 2006. The interpersonal experience of health care through the eyes of patients with diabetes. Social Science & Medicine 63 (12): 3067–3079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cloninger, C.R., and K.M. Cloninger. 2011. Person-centered therapeutics. International Journal of Person Centered Medicine 1 (1): 43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker, J., V. de Groot, A.M. Ter Steeg, J. Vloothuis, J. Holla, E. Collette, T. Satink, L. Post, S. Doodeman, and E. Littooij. 2020. Setting meaningful goals in rehabilitation: Rationale and practical tool. Clinical Rehabilitation 34 (1): 3–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowell, J., B. Williams, and D. Snadden. 2018. Patient-Centered Prescribing: Seeking Concordance in Practice. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dreyfus, H., and S. Kelly. 2007. Heterophenomenology: Heavy-handed sleight-of-hand. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 6 (1): 45–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, I., K. Swedberg, and C. Taft. 2011. Person-centred care: Ready for prime time. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 10 (4): 248–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eliasson, A.-C., L. Krumlinde-Sundholm, B. Rösblad, E. Beckung, M. Arner, A.-M. Ohrvall, P. Rosenbaum, B. Rosblad, and L. Krumlinde-Sundholm. 2006. The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: Scale development and evidence of validity and reliability. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 48 (7): 549–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, R.M., K. Fiscella, C.S. Lesser, and K.C. Stange. 2010. Why the nation needs a policy push on patient-centered health care. Health Affairs (Project Hope) 29 (8): 1489. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, U., and M. Svedlund. 2007. Struggling for confirmation—Patients’ experiences of dissatisfaction with hospital care. Journal of Clinical Nursing 16 (3): 438–446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01544.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fenning, S.J., G. Smith, and C. Calderwood. 2019. Realistic Medicine: Changing culture and practice in the delivery of health and social care. Patient Education and Counseling 102 (10): 1751–1755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2019.06.024.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, S. 2005. How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199271941.001.0001

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, S., and H. Payne. 2015. The role of embodiment and intersubjectivity in clinical reasoning. Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy 10 (1): 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/17432979.2014.980320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, B.E., G. Terry, J. Setchell, F.A.S. Bright, C. Cummins, and N.M. Kayes. 2019. The micro-politics of caring: Tinkering with person-centered rehabilitation. Disability and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1587793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J.J. 1979. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. New York and London: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gzil, F., C. Lefeve, M. Cammelli, B. Pachoud, J.F. Ravaud, and A. Leplege. 2007. Why is rehabilitation not yet fully person-centred and should it be more person-centred? Disability and Rehabilitation 29 (20–21): 1616–1624. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280701618620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, J., C. Bamford, and C. May. 2008. Types of centredness in health care: Themes and concepts. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 11 (4): 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-008-9131-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Husserl, E. 1973a. Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität. Texte aus dem Nachlass. Zweiter Teil. 1921–28. Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Husserl, E. 1973b. Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität—Texte aus dem Nachlass -Erster Teil: 1905–1920. Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Husserl, E. 1989a. Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy. Second book. (R. Rojcewicz & A. Schuwer, Trans.; Kluwer Academic Publishers).

  • Husserl, E. 1989b. The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction to Phenomenological Philosophy. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, T. 2009. Compliance: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum 44 (3): 189–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2009.00142.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Institute of Medicine, & Committee in Quality of Health Care in America. 2001. Crossing the Quality Chasm—A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF. 2001. Geneva: World Health Organization.

  • Inui, N. 2018. Interpersonal Coordination: A Social Neuroscience Approach. Berlin: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jangland, E., L. Gunningberg, and M. Carlsson. 2009. Patients’ and relatives’ complaints about encounters and communication in health care: Evidence for quality improvement. Patient Education and Counseling 75 (2): 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.10.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, T.W., and S.B. Pedersen. 2016. Affect and affordances—The role of action and emotion in social interaction. Cognitive Semiotics 9 (1): 79–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jørgensen, J., Pedersen, G., and K. Lomborg. 2017. Det Brugerinddragende Hospital Evalueringsrapport. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitet. https://danskepatienter.dk/om-danske-patienter/publikationer/evaluering-det-brugerinddragende-hospital.

  • Knoblich, G., S.A. Butterfill, and N. Sebanz. 2011. Psychological research on joint action: Theory and data. In Advances in Research and Theory, Vol. 54, ed. B. Ross. Burlington, MA: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, J. 2018. Direct social perception. In The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition, 1st ed, ed. A. Newen, L. De Bruin, and S. Gallagher. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leplege, A., F. Gzil, M. Cammelli, C. Lefeve, B. Pachoud, and I. Ville. 2007. Person-centredness: Conceptual and historical perspectives. Disability and Rehabilitation 29 (20–21): 1555–1565. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280701618661.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levack, W.M.M., S.G. Dean, R.J. Siegert, and K.M. Mcpherson. 2011. Navigating patient-centered goal setting in inpatient stroke rehabilitation: How clinicians control the process to meet perceived professional responsibilities. Patient Education and Counseling 85 (2): 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.01.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lobo, L., M. Heras-Escribano, and D. Travieso. 2018. The history and philosophy of ecological psychology. Frontiers in Psychology 9: 2228. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martiny, K. 2015. How to develop a phenomenological model of disability. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 18 (4): 553–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, V., and L. Freeman. 2008. A multidisciplinary concept analysis of empowerment: Implications for nursing. Journal of Theory Construction & Testing 12 (2): 68–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mead, N., and P. Bower. 2000. Patient-centrednes: A conceptual framework and review of the empirical literature. (Statistical Data Included). Social Science & Medicine 51 (7): 1087.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merleau-Ponty, M. 2012. Phenomenology of Perception. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203720714

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mezzich, J., J. Snaedal, C. Van Weel, and I. Heath. 2010. Toward person-centered medicine: From disease to patient to person. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine 77 (3): 304–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/msj.20187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, S., and L.H. Yoder. 2011. A concept analysis of person-centered care. Journal of Holistic Nursing 30 (1): 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010111412189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolucci, A., K. Kovacs Burns, R.I.G. Holt, M. Comaschi, N. Hermanns, H. Ishii, A. Kokoszka, F. Pouwer, S.E. Skovlund, H. Stuckey, I. Tarkun, M. Vallis, J. Wens, and M. Peyrot. 2013. Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs second study (DAWN2TM): Cross-national benchmarking of diabetes-related psychosocial outcomes for people with diabetes. Diabetic Medicine 30 (7): 767–777. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novak, I., S. Mcintyre, C. Morgan, L. Campbell, L. Dark, N. Morton, E. Stumbles, S. Wilson, and S. Goldsmith. 2013. A systematic review of interventions for children with cerebral palsy: State of the evidence. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 55 (10): 885–910. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Øberg, G.K., B. Normann, and S. Gallagher. 2015. Embodied-enactive clinical reasoning in physical therapy. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 31 (4): 244. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2014.1002873.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palisano, R., P. Rosenbaum, S. Walter, D. Russell, E. Wood, and B. Galuppi. 1997. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine And Child Neurology 39 (4): 214–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pandyan, A., M. Gregoric, M. Barnes, D. Wood, F.V. Wijck, J. Burridge, H. Hermens, and G. Johnson. 2005. Spasticity: Clinical perceptions, neurological realities and meaningful measurement. Disability and Rehabilitation 27 (1–2): 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280400014576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pols, J. 2005. Enacting appreciations: Beyond the patient perspective. Health Care Analysis: HCA: Journal of Health Philosophy and Policy 13 (3): 203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-005-6448-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reader, T.W., A. Gillespie, and J. Roberts. 2014. Patient complaints in healthcare systems: A systematic review and coding taxonomy. BMJ Quality & Safety 23 (8): 678–689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, M., K. Marsh, and R.M. Baron. 2007. Judging and actualizing intrapersonal and interpersonal affordances. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 33 (4): 845–859.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rietveld, E., and J. Kiverstein. 2014. A rich landscape of affordances. Ecological Psychology 26 (4): 325–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum, P.L., M.H. Livingston, R.J. Palisano, B.E. Galuppi, and D.J. Russell. 2007a. Quality of life and health-related quality of life of adolescents with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 49 (7): 516–521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00516.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum, P., N. Paneth, A. Leviton, M. Goldstein, and M. Bax. 2007b. A report: The definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 49 (2): 8–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosewilliam, S., C.A. Roskell, and A. Pandyan. 2011. A systematic review and synthesis of the quantitative and qualitative evidence behind patient-centred goal setting in stroke rehabilitation. Clinical Rehabilitation 25 (6): 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215510394467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sartre, J.-P. 2003. Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schattner, A. 2009. The silent dimension: Expressing humanism in each medical encounter. Archives of Internal Medicine 169 (12): 1095–1099. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schattner, A. 2012. Who cares for empathy? Quarterly Journal of Medicine 105: 287–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schattner, A. 2014. The clinical encounter revisited. The American Journal of Medicine 127 (4): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.11.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheler, M. 2008. The Nature of Sympathy. London: Transaction Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scianni, A., J.M. Butler, L. Ada, and L.F. Teixeira-Salmela. 2009. Muscle strengthening is not effective in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 55 (2): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70037-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheean, Geoffrey L. 2001. Botulinum treatment of spasticity: Why is it so difficult to show a functional benefit? Current Opinion in Neurology 14 (6): 771–776. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019052-200112000-00015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shildrick, M. 2009. Dangerous Discourses of Disability, Subjectivity and Sexuality. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Slater, L. 2006. Person-centredness: A concept analysis. Contemporary Nurse 23 (1): 135–144. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2006.23.1.135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.C., A.H. Fortin, F. Dwamena, and R.M. Frankel. 2013. An evidence-based patient-centered method makes the biopsychosocial model scientific. Patient Education and Counseling 91 (3): 265–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2012.12.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, M., J.B. Brown, A. Donner, I.R. Mcwhinney, J. Oates, W.W. Weston, and J. Jordan. 2000. The impact of patient-centered care on outcomes. The Journal of Family Practice 49 (9): 796–804.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swan, M. 2009. Emerging patient-driven health care models: An examination of health social networks, consumer personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 6 (2): 492–525. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph6020492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanenbaum, S.J. 2015. What is patient-centered care? A typology of models and missions. Health Care Analysis 23 (3): 272–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toro, J., J. Kiverstein, and E. Rietveld. 2020. The ecological-enactive model of disability: Why disability does not entail pathological embodiment. Frontiers in Psychology 11: 1162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trasmundi, S.B. 2020. Errors and Interaction: A Cognitive Ethnography of Emergency Medicine. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Venetis, M.K., J.D. Robinson, K.L. Turkiewicz, and M. Allen. 2009. An evidence base for patient-centered cancer care: A meta-analysis of studies of observed communication between cancer specialists and their patients. Patient Education and Counseling 77 (3): 379–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.09.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wade, D.T., and P.W. Halligan. 2017. The biopsychosocial model of illness: A model whose time has come. Clinical Rehabilitation 31 (8): 995–1004. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215517709890.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiston, L., J.M. Barry, and C.D. Darker. 2017. Participation of patients and family members in healthcare services at the service and national levels: A lesson learned in Dublin, Ireland. Patient Education and Counseling 100 (3): 583–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.10.025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahavi, D. 2014. Self and Other: Exploring Subjectivity, Empathy, and Shame. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590681.001.0001

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We want to thank specially Mikkel D. Justiniano, John Paulin Hansen and Per Bækgaard for their contribution in the technical aspects of the experiment, and gathering of data, as well as for providing the equipment. We would like to thank Dan Zahavi, Marianne Klinke, Sofie Ejlersen, Mie Maar Andersen and Patricia de Lipthay Behrend for their comments on earlier versions of this article. Thanks to the therapists and employees at the Elsass Institute for their participation in both the pilot experiment and in the actual experiment, and for their comments on the presentation we gave based on this article. Thanks to the people at the Enactlab, Jacob Nossell, David Eskelund Nielsen and Asger Juhl for their help in developing and performing the experiment. And thanks to all the people with cerebral palsy, their relatives and the strangers for their participation. Finally, we would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which improved the quality of the argument, and helped us making clear some important conceptual distinctions.

Funding

Juan Toro’s research is supported by Colciencias, grant 756-2016, and Kristian Martiny is supported by funding from the Enactlab and the Elsass Foundation.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Juan Toro and Kristian Martiny contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Subjectivity Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Juan Toro & Kristian Martiny

  2. The Enactlab, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Juan Toro & Kristian Martiny

Authors
  1. Juan Toro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kristian Martiny
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juan Toro.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Toro, J., Martiny, K. New perspectives on person-centered care: an affordance-based account. Med Health Care and Philos 23, 631–644 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-020-09977-w

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-020-09977-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation