Economic growth in developing countries, China in particular, has led to an increase in steel production and consumption in recent years. This trend is stimulating the demand for manganese ferroalloys. High-grade manganese ores from Australia, Africa, and South America are being supplied in larger quantifies to Asian ferroalloy plants, which used to consume low-grade manganese ores. Most experts believe that the future of the manganese industry will depend on the dynamics of steel production. In other economic areas, manganese consumption is expected to grow immensely due to the use of manganese for manufacturing lithium-ion and nickel–metal hydride batteries for electric vehicles. More than 90% of the manganese produced globally is utilized by the iron and steel industry in the form of various manganese ferroalloys. Manganese consumption in steelmaking in different countries depends on the range of smelted metal (oxygen-converter or electric steelmaking), the scientific and technical level of technological processes, and other factors. In the CIS countries, specific consumption of manganese amounts to 9 kg per 1 ton of steel, which is an impressive figure. In this research, we investigate the possibility of phosphorus removal into the gas phase during production of manganese ferroalloys. This will make it possible to involve domestic phosphorus-containing manganese ores in production for obtaining high-grade manganese ferroalloys.
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Translated from Metallurg, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 58–62, April, 2023.
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Polulyakh, L.A., Evseev, E.G., Savostyanov, A.V. et al. Study of the Behavior of Phosphorus in the Production of Manganese Alloys Using Ores with a Low Manganese Content. Metallurgist 67, 469–475 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-023-01532-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-023-01532-1