Abstract
This article addresses contemporary social challenges created by new genetic research on Jews and by Jews, and its implications for the meanings of Jewish identity, on both the individual and the collective levels. The article begins with a brief overview of selective genetic studies of Jewish populations and the controversies they have generated. It continues with an examination of the emerging field of Jewish genetic demography, which employs genetic tests to identify lineages, claim kin, and support Jewish historical and political claims. Here the article explores how Jewish genetic demographers interpret genetic studies to reinforce oral tradition and Biblical prophecy about the origins of the Jews and their experience in the Diaspora. This research is then juxtaposed with debates that emerge from contemporary rabbinic deliberations over the appropriate uses of new reproductive technologies, debates that, contrary to the assertions of Jewish genetic demographers, suggest genes are believed to possess limited ability to confer or create Jewishness in the traditional rabbinic imagination. In the final section of this article, a debate is staged about contemporary biomedical practices that allow for the exchange and transfer of body parts and bodily substances, as a strategy for challenging genetic notions of Jewish identity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Biale, David (1992). Eros and the Jews: From Biblical Israel to Contemporary America. New York: Basic Books.
Boyarin, Daniel (1993). Carnal Israel: Reading Sex in Talmudic Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Cohen, Shaye (1999). The Beginnings of Jewishness: Boundaries, Varieties, Uncertainties. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Fuller, B.P., M.J. Kahn, P.A. Barr, L. Biesecker, E. Crowley, J. Garber, M.K. Mansoura, P. Murphy, J. Murray, J. Phillips, K. Rothenberg, M. Rothstein, J. Stopfer, G. Swergold, B. Weber, F.K. Collins, and K.L. Hudson (1999). Privacy in Genetics Research. Science 285(5432): 1359–1361.
Gilman, Sander (1991). The Jew's Body. New York: Routledge.
Halkin, Hillel (2002). Across the Sabbath River: In Search of A Lost Tribe of Israel. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Hammer, Michael F., Karl Skorecki, Sara Selig, Shraga Blazer, Bruce Rappaport, Robert Bradman, Neil Bradman, P.J. Waburton, and Monica Ismajlowicz (1997). Y Chromosomes of Jewish Priests. Nature 385: 32.
Kahn, Susan Martha (2000). Reproducing Jews: A Cultural Account of Assisted Conception in Israel. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Nebel, Almut, Dvora Filon, Bernd Brinkmann, Partha P. Majumder, Marina Faerman, and Ariella Oppenheim (2001). The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East. The American Journal of Human Genetics 69(5): 1095–1112.
Oppenheim, Ariella, Almut Nebel, Dvora Filon, Mark G. Thomas, D.A. Weiss, M. Weale, and Marina Faerman (2000). High-Resolution Y Chromosome Haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs Reveal Geographic Substructure and Substantial Overlap with Haplotypes of Jews. Human Genetics 107(6): 630–641.
Thomas, Mark G., Tudor Parfitt, Deborah A. Weiss, Karl Skorecki, James F. Wilson, Magdel le Roux, Neil Bradman, and David B. Goldstein (2000). Y Chromosomes Traveling South: The Cohen Modal Haplotype and the Origins of the Lemba: The “Black Jews” of Southern Africa. American Journal of Human Genetics 66:674–686.
Thomas, Mark G., M.E. Weale, A.L. Jones, M. Richards, A. Smith, N. Redhead, A. Torroni, R. Scozzari, F. Gratix, A. Tarekegn, J.F. Wilson, C. Capelli, N. Bradman, and D.B. Goldstein (2002). Founding Mothers of Jewish Communities: Geographically Separated Jewish Groups Were Independently Founded by Very Few Female Ancestors. American Journal of Human Genetics 70:1411–1420.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kahn, S.M. The Multiple Meanings of Jewish Genes. Cult Med Psychiatry 29, 179–192 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-005-7424-5
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-005-7424-5