Abstract
The cartridge two-dimensional (2D) piston pump studied is the core component of an aircraft electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA). Its mechanical efficiency is a very important performance which is closely related to heat generation and energy saving. This paper first established the dynamic equations and solved the normal force on the tapered roller and the input torque on the fork shaft. The profile of the cam guide and the four spatial angles necessary to calculate the normal pressure and input torque were obtained using the envelope method. Afterwards, based on this mathematical model, the characteristics of positive pressure and input torque, and the proportion of friction loss are analyzed. Finally, in order to verify the correctness of the simulation model and determine the coefficient of rolling friction, a prototype was processed and a test rig was built. It can be observed from the test results that when the speed is 1000 r/min, as the load pressure increases from 1 to 28 MPa, the mechanical efficiency rises from 36.19 to about 88.46%, which is in good agreement with the simulation results. However, when the pump speed is 3000 r/min, the experimental results are slightly lower than simulation, adding the mechanical losses caused by shearing and churning oil in the mathematical model can reduce the deviation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kumar M (2021) A survey on electro hydrostatic actuator: architecture and way ahead. Mater Today Proc 45(7):6057–6063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.049
Wiegand C, Bullick BA, Catt JA, Hamstra JW, Walker GP (2018) F-35 air vehicle technology overview. In: 2018 Aviation technology, integration, and operations conference, AIAA Paper, pp JSF18–365 https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3368
Guo SR, Chen JH, Lu YL, Wang Y, Dong HK (2020) Hydraulic piston pump in civil aircraft: current status, future directions and critical technologies. Chin J Aeronaut 33(1):16–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2019.01.013
Bergada JM, Davies DL, Kumar S, Watton J (2012) The effect of oil pressure and temperature on barrel film thickness and barrel dynamics of an axial piston pump. Meccanica 47(3):639–654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-011-9472-7
Shang LM, Ivantysynova M (2015) Port and case flow temperature prediction for axial piston machine. Int J Fluid Power 16(1):35–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/14399776.2015.1016839
Xu B, Chao Q, Zhang JH, Chen Y (2017) Effects of the dimensional and geometrical errors on the cylinder block tilt of a high-speed EHA pump. Meccanica 52(10):2449–2469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-016-0590-0
Zhang JH, Chao Q, Xu B (2018) Analysis of the cylinder block tilting inertia moment and its effect on the performance of high-speed electro-hydrostatic actuator pumps of aircraft. Chin J Aeronaut 31(1):169–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2017.02.010
Hashemi S, Kroker A, Bobach L, Bartel D (2016) Multibody dynamics of pivot slipper pad thrust bearing in axial piston machines incorporating thermal elastohydrodynamics and mixed lubrication model. Tribol Int 96:57–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.12.009
Pelosi M, Ivantysynova M (2012) Heat transfer and thermal elastic deformation analysis on the piston/cylinder interface of axial piston machines. J Tribol 134(4):041101. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4006980
Li YH, Ji ZL, Yang LM, Zhang P, Xu B, Zhang JH (2017) Thermal-fluid-structure coupling analysis for valve plate friction pair of axial piston pump in electrohydrostatic actuator (EHA) of aircraft. Appl Math Model 47:839–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2016.08.015
Manring ND, Mehta VS, Nelson BE, Graf KJ, Kuehn JL (2014) Scaling the speed limitations for axial-piston swash-plate type hydrostatic machines. J Dyn Syst Meas Control 136(3):031004. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026129
Xu B, Zhang JH, Yang HY (2012) Investigation on structural optimization of anti-overturning slipper of axial piston pump. Sci China Technol Sci 55(11):3010–3018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-012-4955-x
Kim JK, Kim HE, Lee YB, Jung JY, Oh SH (2015) Measurement of fluid film thickness on the valve plate in oil hydraulic axial piston pumps (Part II: Spherical design effects). J Mech Sci Technol 19(2):655–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02916187
Xu B, Zhang JH, Li Y, Chao Q (2015) Modeling and analysis of the churning losses characteristics of swash plate axial piston pump. In: 2015 international conference on fluid power and mechatronics (FPM), IEEE. Harbin, pp 22–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/FPM.2015.7337078
Chao Q, Ta JF, Li CL, Li ZL (2022) Development of an analytical model to estimate the churning losses in high-speed axial piston pumps. Front Mech Eng 17(2):15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-021-0671-1
Jin DC, Ruan J, Li S, Wang LF (2019) Modelling and validation of a roller-cam rail mechanism used in a 2D piston pump. J Zhejiang Univ Sci A 20(3):201–217. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1800085
Jin DC, Ruan J, Xing T, Wang LF (2019) Design and experiment of two-dimensional cartridge water pump based on mathematical model. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural. Machinery 50(7):177–185. https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2019.07.018. (in Chinese)
Jin DC, Ruan J (2019) Design and research of two-dimensional fuel pump. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica 40(5):422730. https://doi.org/10.7527/s1000-6893.2019.22730. (in Chinese)
Shentu SN, Ruan J, Qian JY, Meng B, Wang LF, Guo SS (2019) Study of flow ripple characteristics in an innovative two-dimensional fuel piston pump. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 41(10):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1973-7
Chen Y, Li S, Ruan J, Wu CS, Zhang H (2022) Design and volumetric efficiency of micro high-pressure two-dimensional piston pump. Acta Armamentarii 43(2):423–433. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2022.02.020. (in Chinese)
Huang Y, Ding C, Wang HY, Ruan J (2020) Numerical and experimental study on the churning losses of 2D high-speed piston pumps. Eng Appl Comput Fluid Mech 14(1):764–777. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2020.1763468
Huang Y, Ruan J, Zhang CC, Ding C, Li S (2020) Research on the mechanical efficiency of high-Speed 2D piston pumps. Processes 8(7):853. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8070853
Huang Y, Ruan J, Chen Y, Ding C, Li S (2020) Research on the volumetric efficiency of 2D piston pumps with a balanced force. Energies 13(18):4796. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184796
Ding C, Huang Y, Zhang LC, Ruan J (2021) Investigation of the churning loss reduction in 2D motion-converting mechanisms. Energies 14(5):1506. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051506
Zhu K, Ruan CT, Wang HY, Li S, Ruan J (2021) Analysis of the torque loss of high-speed transmission mechanism with a stacked roller set. Machines 9(8):140. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9080140
Wang HY, Ding C, Huang Y, Li S, Ruan J (2022) Design and research of 2D piston pumps with a stacked cone roller set. Proc Inst Mech Eng C J Mech Eng Sci 236(5):2128–2146. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062211028271
Zhang CC, Zhu CH, Meng B, Li S (2021) Challenges and solutions for high-speed aviation piston pumps: a review. Aerospace 8(12):392. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8120392
Tsay DM, Wei HM (1996) A general approach to the determination of planar and spatial cam profiles. J Mech Des 118(2):259–265. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2826878
Tu CH, Fort T (2004) A study of fiber-capstan friction. 1. Stribeck curves. Tribol Int 37(9):701–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2004.02.008
Faraon IC (2005) Mixed lubricated line contacts. Dissertation, University of Twente
Funding
This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFB2005202).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Y., Zang, Y., Lu, L. et al. Mechanical efficiency of cartridge two-dimensional (2D) piston pump for electro-hydrostatic actuators. Meccanica 58, 1849–1868 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-023-01701-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-023-01701-1