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Treadmill running and Levisticum Officinale extract protect against LPS-induced memory deficits by modulating neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress

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Abstract

Neuroinflammation plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. The preventive effect of physical exercise on attenuating neuroinflammation has not been completely defined. Levisticum officinale is known as a medicinal plant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective impacts of treadmill running and Levisticum officinale on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced learning and memory impairments and neuroinflammation in rats. Male Wistar rats ran on a treadmill and/or were pretreated with Levisticum officinale extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg for a week. Then, rats received intraperitoneal injection of LPS at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Treadmill running and/or treatment of extract lasted three more weeks. Behavioral, molecular, biochemical and immunohistochemical assessments were carried out after the end of the experiment. LPS administration resulted in spatial learning and memory impairments along with increased mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde levels, as well as decreased superoxide dismutase activity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Moreover, treadmill running for four weeks, alone and in combination with Levisticum officinale extract attenuated spatial learning and memory deficits, decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde levels, and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the advantageous effects of running exercise and Levisticum officinale extract on LPS-induced memory impairments are possibly due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and enhancing neurogenesis.

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Funding

This study was supported by grants from the Council of Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, and the Council of Research, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Esmaeil Amraie & Iran Pouraboli

  2. Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Hossein Salehi

  3. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Ziba Rajaei

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  1. Esmaeil Amraie
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  2. Iran Pouraboli
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  4. Ziba Rajaei
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ZR, IP designed the study; EA acquired data; ZR, IP, HS, EA analyzed and interpreted the data; ZR prepared the draft of the paper; ZR, IP, HS critically revised the article. All authors approved final version of the article.

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Correspondence to Ziba Rajaei.

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The maintenance and treatment of animals were carried out in accordance with the National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publication, 8th edition, 2011). The Ethic Committee for Animal Experiments at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Ethical code: IR.MUI.REC.1396.1.067).

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Amraie, E., Pouraboli, I., Salehi, H. et al. Treadmill running and Levisticum Officinale extract protect against LPS-induced memory deficits by modulating neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Metab Brain Dis 38, 999–1011 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-01140-z

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