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Treatments against Polymorphosal discrepancies in Glioblastoma Multiforme

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Abstract

Glioblastoma (GB) are aggressive tumors that obstruct normal brain function. While the skull cannot expand in response to cancer growth, the growing pressure in the brain is generally the first sign. It can produce more frequent headaches, unexplained nausea or vomiting, blurred peripheral vision, double vision, a loss of feeling or movement in an arm or leg, and difficulty speaking and concentrating; all depend on the tumor’s location. GB can also cause vascular thrombi, damaging endothelial cells and leading to red blood cell leakage. Latest studies have revealed the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in developing and spreading cancers such as GB and breast cancer. Many discovered SNPs are associated with GB, particularly in great abundance in the promoter region, creating polygenetic vulnerability to glioma. This study aims to compile a list of some of the most frequent and significant SNPs implicated with GB formation and proliferation.

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Data availability statement

All the data are available in the manuscript and no new data were generated.

Abbreviations

GB:

Glioblastoma

GBM:

Glioblastoma Multiforme

SNPs:

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

AD:

Alzheimer’s Disease

GWASs:

Genome-Wide Association Studies

MDM2:

Mouse double minute 2

EGRF:

Epidermal Growth Factors Receptor

SOX2:

SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2

PARP-1:

The Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

CT scan:

Computer Tomography scan

TMZ:

Temozolomide

NCCN:

National Comprehensive Cancer Network

PCV:

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination

CSF:

Cerebral spinal fluid

MGMT:

O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase

TCGA:

The Cancer Genome Atlas

NGS:

Next-Generation Sequencing

LOH:

Loss of Heterozygosity

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support from Ministry of Education and Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

This research work was funded by the Institutional Fund Projects under grant no. (IFPDP-54–22).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Swastika Maitra, Biswajit Chakraborty, Sumira Malik and Athanasios Alexiou contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Khardah, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700118, India

    Nobendu Mukerjee, Subhradeep Roy & Shaswata Modak

  2. Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia

    Nobendu Mukerjee

  3. Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, West Bengal, India

    Swastika Maitra

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Mehedi Hasan

  5. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Biswajit Chakraborty

  6. Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Arabinda Ghosh

  7. Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

    Asmita Ghosh

  8. Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Mohammad Amjad Kamal

  9. King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Amjad Kamal

  10. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Amjad Kamal

  11. Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee place, Habersham , NSW, 2770, Australia

    Mohammad Amjad Kamal

  12. Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Abhijit Dey

  13. Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Ghulam Md Ashraf & Badrah S. Alghamdi

  14. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Ghulam Md Ashraf

  15. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834001, India

    Sumira Malik

  16. Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, 26426, Korea

    Md. Habibur Rahman

  17. Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Badrah S. Alghamdi

  18. King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Adel Mohammad Abuzenadah

  19. Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Adel Mohammad Abuzenadah

  20. Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia

    Athanasios Alexiou

  21. AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria

    Athanasios Alexiou

Authors
  1. Nobendu Mukerjee
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  2. Swastika Maitra
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  16. Athanasios Alexiou
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Contributions

Concept by NM; drafting was designed and carried out by NM, AG, SM, AD; manuscript writing was done by AG, NM, SM, SMk, AsG, SR, MMH; manuscript editing was done by NM, MDGA, AG, MAK, AA, AD; Revision was done by NM, AA, BA, AMA, MHR.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nobendu Mukerjee or Athanasios Alexiou.

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Mukerjee, N., Maitra, S., Roy, S. et al. Treatments against Polymorphosal discrepancies in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Metab Brain Dis 38, 61–68 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-01082-6

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