Abstract
Stroke is a lethal event with a high incidence in Egypt. Quick early intervention can be lifesaving. Transient global ischemia (TGI), a type of ischemic stroke, is mainly instigated by cardiac arrest. Ischemia followed by reperfusion causes further neuronal cell damage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of green (GCBE) and roasted (RCBE) coffee bean water extract against transient global ischemia-induced via a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CAO) in rats. Before CAO, 1.5 ml/kg body weight/day of GCBE or RCBE was administered for 14 days by oral gavage. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and sham groups were treated with a vehicle. Oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activities, such as MDA, NO, GSH, SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB, and BDNF were investigated. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, in addition to heme oxygenase 1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 were determined. Apoptotic markers, including Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3, in addition to the vascular endothelial growth factor-a, were investigated, followed by an examination of hippocampal histopathology. Pre-administration of GCBE and RCBE improved neurological function and neuronal survival, suppressed the spread of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and reversed most of the pathological changes. However, green coffee bean extract was more effective than roasted coffee bean extract, perhaps due to the roasting process, which may affect active compounds. In conclusion, GCBE and RCBE represent a potential clinical strategy for pre-ischemic conditioning.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All relevant data are shown within this report.
References
Abd-Allah F, Moustafa RR (2014) Burden of stroke in Egypt: current status and opportunities. Int J Stroke 9:1105–1108. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12313
Acar-Tek N, Agagunduz D, Ayhan B (2018) Effect of green coffee consumption on resting energy expenditure, blood pressure, and body temperature in healthy women: a pilot Study. J Am Coll Nutr 37:691–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2018.1461147
Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121–126
Affonso RC et al (2016) Phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and the effect of the aqueous extract of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) bean residual press cake on the skin wound healing. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:1923754. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1923754
AlAmri OD, Albeltagy RS, Akabawy AMA, Mahgoub S, Abdel-Mohsen DM, Abdel Moneim AE, Amin HK (2020) Investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as the renal protective potential of green coffee extract in high fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male albino rats. J Funct Foods 71:103996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.103996
Al-Brakati A et al (2020a) Neuromodulatory effects of green coffee bean extract against brain damage in male albino rats with experimentally induced diabetes. Metab Brain Dis 35:1175–1187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-020-00583-6
Al-Brakati A et al (2020b) Possible role of Kaempferol in reversing oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis-mediated cortical injury following cadmium exposure. Neurotox Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-020-00300-2
Al-Megrin WA et al (2020a) Green Coffea arabica extract ameliorates testicular injury in high-fat diet/Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. J Diabetes Res 2020:6762709. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6762709
Al-Megrin WA, Metwally DM, Habotta OA, Amin HK, Abdel Moneim AE, El-Khadragy M (2020b) Nephroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid against sodium arsenite-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. J Sci Food Agric. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10565
Al-Quraishy S, Dkhil MA, Abdel-Gaber R, Zrieq R, Hafez TA, Mubaraki MA, Abdel Moneim AE (2020) Myristica fragrans seed extract reverses scopolamine-induced cortical injury via stimulation of HO-1 expression in male rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07686-8
Baird AE, Donnan GA, Austin MC, Fitt GJ, Davis SM, McKay WJ (1994) Reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke measured by single-photon emission computed tomography. Stroke 25:79–85. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.25.1.79
Barcelos RP et al (2014) Caffeine supplementation modulates oxidative stress markers in the liver of trained rats. Life Sci 96:40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.002
Bin J, Wang Q, Zhuo YY, Xu JP, Zhang HT (2012) Piperphentonamine (PPTA) attenuated cerebral ischemia-induced memory deficits via neuroprotection associated with anti-apoptotic activity. Metab Brain Dis 27:495–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-012-9330-x
Bryan NS, Grisham MB (2007) Methods to detect nitric oxide and its metabolites in biological samples. Free Radic Biol Med 43:645–657 S0891-5849(07)00293-6
Cavin C et al (2008) Induction of Nrf2-mediated cellular defenses and alteration of phase I activities as mechanisms of chemoprotective effects of coffee in the liver. Food Chem Toxicol 46:1239–1248
Chen H et al (2011) Oxidative stress in ischemic brain damage: mechanisms of cell death and potential molecular targets for neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 14:1505–1517. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2010.3576
Choi B-K, Park S-B, Lee D-R, Lee HJ, Jin Y-Y, Yang SH, Suh J-W (2016) Green coffee bean extract improves obesity by decreasing body fat in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Asian Pac J Trop Med 9:635–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.05.017
Choi S, Jung S, Ko KS (2018) Effects of coffee extracts with different roasting degrees on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory systems in mice. Nutrients 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030363
Davis RJ (2000) Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. Cell 103:239–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00116-1
Ding F et al (2020) The effects of green coffee bean extract supplementation on lipid profile in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 30:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2019.10.002
Drury R, Wallington E (1980) Preparation and fixation of tissues. Carleton's Histol Tech 5:41–54
Frost-Meyer NJ, Logomarsino JV (2012) Impact of coffee components on inflammatory markers: a review. J Funct Foods 4:819–830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2012.05.010
Guo M et al (2019) Biochanin a provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by Nrf2-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation signaling pathway in rats. Med Sci Monitor 25:8975–8983. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.918665
Harukuni I, Bhardwaj A (2006) Mechanisms of brain injury after global cerebral ischemia. Neurol Clin 24:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2005.10.004
Hoelzl C et al (2010) Instant coffee with high chlorogenic acid levels protects humans against oxidative damage of macromolecules. Mol Nutr Food Res 54:1722–1733
Huang CC, Tung YT, Huang WC, Chen YM, Hsu YJ, Hsu MC (2016) Beneficial effects of cocoa, coffee, green tea, and garcinia complex supplement on diet induced obesity in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 16:100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1077-1
Ito Y et al (2010) Nitric oxide production during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in eNOS- and nNOS-knockout mice. Curr Neurovasc Res 7:23–31. https://doi.org/10.2174/156720210790820190
Jia L, Chen Y, Tian YH, Zhang G (2018) MAPK pathway mediates the anti-oxidative effect of chicoric acid against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. Exp Ther Med 15:1640–1646. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5598
Jiang WL, Xu Y, Zhang SP, Zhu HB, Hou J (2012) Tricin 7-glucoside protects against experimental cerebral ischemia by reduction of NF-kappaB and HMGB1 expression. Eur J Pharm 45:50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2011.10.019
Jiang R, Hodgson JM, Mas E, Croft KD, Ward NC (2016) Chlorogenic acid improves ex vivo vessel function and protects endothelial cells against HOCl-induced oxidative damage, via increased production of nitric oxide and induction of Hmox-1. J Nutr Biochem 27:53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.017
Jiang R, Liao J, Yang MC, Deng J, Hu YX, Li P, Li MT (2020) Lidocaine mediates the progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB p65 and p38 MAPK. Ann Transl Med 8:548. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-3066
Karimipour M, Shojaei Zarghani S, Mohajer Milani M, Soraya H (2018) Pre-treatment with metformin in comparison with post-treatment reduces cerebral ischemia reperfusion induced injuries in rats. Bull Emerg Trauma 6:115–121. https://doi.org/10.29252/beat-060205
Khan S, Baboota S, Ali J, Narang RS, Narang JK (2016) Chlorogenic acid stabilized nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) of atorvastatin: formulation, design and in vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 42:209–220. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2015.1040414
Kim EK, Choi EJ (2010) Pathological roles of MAPK signaling pathways in human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1802:396–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.12.009
Kroll J, Waltenberger J (1998) VEGF-A induces expression of eNOS and iNOS in endothelial cells via VEGF receptor-2 (KDR). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 252:743–746. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.9719
Lao-Peregrin C et al (2017) Caffeine-mediated BDNF release regulates long-term synaptic plasticity through activation of IRS2 signaling. Addict Biol 22:1706–1718. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12433
Lee H et al (2003) Flavonoid wogonin from medicinal herb is neuroprotective by inhibiting inflammatory activation of microglia. FASEB J 17:1943–1944. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.03-0057fje
Li ZC, Jia YP, Wang Y, Qi JL, Han XP (2018) Effects of dexmedetomidine post-treatment on BDNF and VEGF expression following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Mol Med Rep 17:6033–6037. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8597
Liang G, Shi B, Luo W, Yang J (2015) The protective effect of caffeic acid on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Behav Brain Functions 11:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-015-0064-x
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275
Mohamed HE, Asker ME, Younis NN, Shaheen MA, Eissa RG (2020) Modulation of brain insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease: New insight on the protective role of green coffee bean extract. Nutr Neurosci 23:27–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2018.1468535
Naveed M et al (2018) Chlorogenic acid (CGA): a pharmacological review and call for further research. Biomed Pharmacother 97:67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.064
Nishikimi M, Appaji N, Yagi K (1972) The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 46:849–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(72)80218-3
Nogaim QA, Sai Pratyusha Bugata L, Pv P, Reddy UA, P MG, S IK, M M (2020) Protective effect of Yemeni green coffee powder against the oxidative stress induced by Ochratoxin A. Toxicol Rep 7:142–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.11.015
Ochiai R et al (2004) Green coffee bean extract improves human vasoreactivity. Hypertens Res 27:731–737. https://doi.org/10.1291/hypres.27.731
Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
Okamoto K, Horisawa R, Kawamura T, Asai A, Ogino M, Takagi T, Ohno Y (2003) Family history and risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case-control study in Nagoya, Japan. Stroke 34:422–426. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000053851.17964.c6
Peng L et al (2019) Isoflurane post-conditioning ameliorates cerebral ischemia/peperfusion injury by enhancing angiogenesis through activating the Shh/Gli signaling pathway in rats. Front Neurosci 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00321
Rebollo-Hernanz M, Zhang Q, Aguilera Y, Martin-Cabrejas MA, Gonzalez de Mejia E (2019) Phenolic compounds from coffee by-products modulate adipogenesis-related inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance in adipocytes, via insulin/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 132:110672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.110672
Reyes-Izquierdo T, Nemzer B, Shu C, Huynh L, Argumedo R, Keller R, Pietrzkowski Z (2013) Modulatory effect of coffee fruit extract on plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy subjects. Br J Nutr 110:420–425. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512005338
Sedlak J, Lindsay RH (1968) Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Anal Biochem 25:192–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(68)90092-4
Seif-El-Nasr M, El-Fattah AA (1995) Lipid peroxide, phospholipids, glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity in rat brain after ischaemia: effect of ginkgo biloba extract. Pharmacol Res 32:273–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1043-6618(05)80014-3
Simao F, Matte A, Matte C, Soares FM, Wyse AT, Netto CA, Salbego CG (2011) Resveratrol prevents oxidative stress and inhibition of Na(+)K(+)-ATPase activity induced by transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. J Nutr Biochem 22:921–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.07.013
Su H (2017) Inflammation and genetic factors in stroke pathogenesis. Neuroimmunol neuroinflamm 4:260–262. https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2017.22
Suzuki A, Kagawa D, Ochiai R, Tokimitsu I, Saito I (2002) Green coffee bean extract and its metabolites have a hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 25:99–107. https://doi.org/10.1291/hypres.25.99
Thompson JW, Narayanan SV, Koronowski KB, Morris-Blanco K, Dave KR, Perez-Pinzon MA (2015) Signaling pathways leading to ischemic mitochondrial neuroprotection. J Bioenerg Biomembr 47:101–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-014-9574-8
Vogt PK (2001) Jun, the oncoprotein. Oncogene 20:2365–2377. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204443
Xing LN, Zhou MM, Li Y, Shi XW, Jia W (2015) Recent progress of potential effects and mechanisms of chlorogenic acid and its intestinal metabolites on central nervous system diseases. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 40:1044–1047
Xu J-G, Hu Q-P, Liu Y (2012) Antioxidant and DNA-protective activities of chlorogenic acid isomers. J Agric Food Chem 60:11625–11630
Ya BL et al (2017) 5-HMF attenuates striatum oxidative damage via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway following transient global cerebral ischemia. Cell Stress Chaperones 22:55–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-016-0742-0
Yan Y, Li J, Han J, Hou N, Song Y, Dong L (2015) Chlorogenic acid enhances the effects of 5-fluorouracil in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Anti-Cancer Drugs 26:540–546. https://doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0000000000000218
Zeng X, Wang H, Xing X, Wang Q, Li W (2016) Dexmedetomidine protects against transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats. PLoS One 11:e0151620. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151620
Zhang HT et al (2017) Early VEGF inhibition attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemic rat brains by regulating the expression of MMPs. Mol Med Rep 15:57–64. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5974
Zhang B et al (2020) Neuroprotective effects of Celastrol on transient global cerebral ischemia rats via regulating HMGB1/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Front Neurosci 14:847. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00847
Zhen G, Dore S (2007) Optimized protocol to reduce variable outcomes for the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion model in mice. J Neurosci Methods 166:73–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.06.029
Zheng Z, Sheng Y, Lu B, Ji L (2015) The therapeutic detoxification of chlorogenic acid against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by ameliorating hepatic inflammation. Chem Biol Interact 238:93–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2015.05.023
Zhou D, Matchett GA, Jadhav V, Dach N, Zhang JH (2008) The effect of 2-methoxyestradiol, a HIF-1 alpha inhibitor, in global cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurol Res 30:268–271. https://doi.org/10.1179/016164107X229920
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr. Salma Nabil Elbaradey (Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt) for her advice and help with the bilateral cerebral artery occlusion operation in rats.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Sara Rizk performed material preparation, data collection, and analysis. Sara Rizk wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Research involving human participants and/or animals
All procedures used in this study complied with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Institutes of Health), 8th edition (NIH Publication No. 85–23, revised 1985), and the guidelines of the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University (approval no, HU2018/Z/SR0918–02).
Informed consent
All authors consent to publish the study in Animals.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rizk, S., Taha, H., Abdel Moneim, A.E. et al. Neuroprotective effect of green and roasted coffee bean extracts on cerebral ischemia-induced injury in rats. Metab Brain Dis 36, 1943–1956 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00769-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00769-6