Abstract
In this study, we elucidated the modulatory potentials of lipid-solubles from ginger and turmeric that may migrate to oils during heating on the brain antioxidant defense and cognitive response in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with control diet [including native canola oil (N-CNO), and native sunflower oil (N-SFO)], or experimental diets [including heated canola oil (H-CNO), heated sunflower oil (H-SFO), heated canola oil with ginger (H-CNO + GI), heated canola oil with turmeric (H-CNO + TU), heated sunflower oil with ginger (H-SFO + GI), heated sunflower oil with turmeric (H-SFO + TU)] for 90 days. Memory parameters [Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition test, T-maze (spontaneous alteration)], locomotor skills (open field test and rotarod test), antioxidant defense enzymes, reactive oxygen species, NOS2, ICAM-1, and NRF-2 level in the brain were assessed. Compared to their respective controls, heated oil-fed rats, but not those fed oils heated with ginger or turmeric, showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the memory, motor coordination skills, antioxidant defense enzymes, and NRF-2 activation in the brain. Compared to their respective controls, the brain NOS-2 and ICAM-1 were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in heated oil-fed rats, but not those fed oils heated with ginger or turmeric. Chronic intake of repeatedly heated oil causes brain dysfunction by inducing oxidative stress through NRF-2 downregulation. Lipid-solubles from ginger and turmeric that may migrate to oil during heating prevent the oxidative stress and cognitive dysfunction triggered by heated oils in rats.
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Mr. Mehrdad Zarei acknowledges ICCR, New Delhi, for Research Fellowship and CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, India, for providing the research facilities.
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Mehrdad Zarei conducted the animal experiments and data analysis, Pooja Acharya involved in enzyme assays and manuscript writing, Vinayak Uppin involved in behavioral studies, while Ramaprasad Talahalli designed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. All the listed authors have contributed to the writing and editing of the manuscript.
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The animal procedures were approved (CFT/IAEC/120/2018) and monitored by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, India. All the experiments were performed according to the CPCSEA (Committee for Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals) guidelines (CPCSEA Reg No: 49/ReBi/S/99/CPCSEA).
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Zarei, M., Uppin, V., Acharya, P. et al. Ginger and turmeric lipid-solubles attenuate heated oil-induced oxidative stress in the brain via the upregulation of NRF2 and improve cognitive function in rats. Metab Brain Dis 36, 225–238 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-020-00642-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-020-00642-y