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Potential application of helminth therapy for resolution of neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders

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Abstract

Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are among the major debilitating disorders worldwide with multiple etiological factors. However, in recent years, psychoneuroimmunology uncovered the role of inflammatory condition and autoimmune disorders in the etiopathogenesis of different NPDs. Hence, resolution of inflammation is a new therapeutic target of NPDs. On the other hand, Helminth infections are among the most prevalent infectious diseases in underdeveloped countries, which usually caused chronic infections with minor clinical symptoms. Remarkably, helminths are among the master regulator of inflammatory reactions and epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between prevalence of autoimmune disorders with these infections. As such, changes of intestinal microbiota are known to be associated with inflammatory conditions in various NPDs. Conversely, helminth colonization alters the intestinal microbiota composition that leads to suppression of intestinal inflammation. In animal models and human studies, helminths or their antigens have shown to be protected against severe autoimmune and allergic disorders, decline the intensity of inflammatory reactions and improved clinical symptoms of the patients. Therefore, “helminthic therapy” have been used for modulation of immune disturbances in different autoimmunity illnesses, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Here, it is proposed that “helminthic therapy” is able to ameliorate neuroinflammation of NPDs through immunomodulation of inflammatory reactions and alteration of microbiota composition. This review discusses the potential application of “helminthic therapy” for resolution of neuroinflammation in NPDs.

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Abbreviations

NPDs:

neuropsychiatric disorders

MS:

Multiple Sclerosis

IBD:

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

CNS:

central nervous system

NMDA:

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid

IFN-γ:

interferon-γ

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-α

IL:

interleukin

TGF-β:

transforming growth factor-β

TH:

T helper

T1D:

type 1 diabetes

RA:

rheumatoid arthritis

ELE:

systemic lupus erythematosus

UC:

ulcerative colitis

CD:

Crohn’s disease

HR:

hazard ratio

OR:

odd ratios

MGB axis:

microbiota-gut-brain axis

ADHD:

attention-deficit hypersensitivity disorder

Treg:

regulatory T cells

Breg:

regulatory B cells

DCreg:

regulatory dendritic cells

EAE:

experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

TNBS:

Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid

DSS:

Dextran sodium sulfate

DNBS:

Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid

NSAIDs:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

TCT:

T cell transfer model of colitis

NOD:

Non-obese diabetic

CIA:

Collagen-induced arthritis

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  1. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, POBox 74148-46199, Ostad Motahari Ave, Jahrom, Iran

    Amir Abdoli

  2. Zoonoses Research Center, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

    Amir Abdoli

  3. Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

    Amir Abdoli

  4. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Hoda Mirzaian Ardakani

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Abdoli, A., Mirzaian Ardakani, H. Potential application of helminth therapy for resolution of neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Metab Brain Dis 35, 95–110 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-019-00466-5

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