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Agomelatine reduces brain, kidney and liver oxidative stress but increases plasma cytokine production in the rats with chronic mild stress-induced depression

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Abstract

Agomelatine (AGOM) as an antidepressant acts both as a melatonin-receptor agonist and a selective serotonin-receptor antagonist. As a potent melatonin derived antioxidant, AGOM might modulate depression-induced lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain, kidney and liver. The present study explores whether AGOM protects against experimental depression-induced brain, kidney and liver oxidative stress, and plasma cytokine production in rats with chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression. Thirty-six rats were divided into four groups. The first group was used as an untreated control. The second group received AGOM for 4 weeks. The third group was exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) of 4 weeks for induction depression. The fourth group received 40 mg/kg AGOM and CMS for 4 weeks. Liver and kidney lipid peroxidation levels were high in the CMS group although they were low in AGOM treatments. AGOM and AGOM + CMS treatments increased the lowered glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced glutathione levels in brain, kidney and liver of CMS group. β-carotene, vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations in the brain, kidney and liver of the four groups were not changed by CMS and AGOM treatments. However, plasma TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-4 levels were high in the CMS and AGOM group and their levels were further increased by the AGOM + CMS treatment. In conclusions, AGOM induced protective effects against experimental depression-induced brain, kidney, and liver oxidative injuries through regulation of the glutathione concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity. However, plasma cytokine productions were increased by the AGOM treatment.

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Abbreviations

AGOM:

agomelatine

CMS:

chronic mild stress

GSH:

reduced glutathione

GSH-Px:

glutathione peroxidase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgments

The abstract of the study was submitted to the 6th World Congress of Oxidative Stress, Calcium Signaling and TRP Channels, held 24 and 27 May 2016 in Isparta, Turkey (www.cmos.org.tr). The authors wish to thank researcher Bilal Çiğ and technician Muhammet Şahin (Neuroscience Research Center, SDU, Isparta, Turkey) for helping with the cytokine, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

    Arif Demirdaş & Gülin Özdamar Ünal

  2. Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

    Mustafa Nazıroğlu

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  1. Arif Demirdaş
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  2. Mustafa Nazıroğlu
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  3. Gülin Özdamar Ünal
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Correspondence to Mustafa Nazıroğlu.

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AD and MN formulated the hypothesis and was responsible for writing the report. GÖÜ was responsible for the animal experiments.

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There is no financial disclosure for the current study.

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None of the authors have any conflicts to disclose. All authors approved the final manuscript.

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Demirdaş, A., Nazıroğlu, M. & Ünal, G.Ö. Agomelatine reduces brain, kidney and liver oxidative stress but increases plasma cytokine production in the rats with chronic mild stress-induced depression. Metab Brain Dis 31, 1445–1453 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-016-9874-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-016-9874-2

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