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Blood–brain barrier dysfunction following traumatic brain injury

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. After traumatic brain injury, the blood–brain barrier, the protective barrier between the brain and the intravascular compartment, becomes dysfunctional, leading to leakage of proteins, fluid, and transmigration of immune cells. As this leakage has profound clinical implications, including edema formation, elevated intracranial pressure and decreased perfusion pressure, much interest has been paid to better understanding the mechanisms responsible for these events. Various molecular pathways and numerous mediators have been found to be involved in the intricate process of regulating blood–brain barrier permeability following traumatic brain injury. This review provides an update to the existing knowledge about the various pathophysiological pathways and advancements in the field of blood–brain barrier dysfunction and hyperpermeability following traumatic brain injury, including the role of various tight junction proteins involved in blood–brain barrier integrity and regulation. We also address pitfalls of existing systems and propose strategies to improve the various debilitating functional deficits caused by this progressive epidemic.

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Abbreviations

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

CNS:

Central nervous system

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge Mr. Glen Cryer for reviewing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Health & Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 702 S.W. H.K. Dodgen Loop, Temple, TX, 76504, USA

    Himakarnika Alluri, Katie Wiggins-Dohlvik, Matthew L. Davis & Binu Tharakan

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health & Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA

    Jason H. Huang

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  1. Himakarnika Alluri
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  2. Katie Wiggins-Dohlvik
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  3. Matthew L. Davis
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  4. Jason H. Huang
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  5. Binu Tharakan
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Correspondence to Binu Tharakan.

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Alluri, H., Wiggins-Dohlvik, K., Davis, M.L. et al. Blood–brain barrier dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Metab Brain Dis 30, 1093–1104 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-015-9651-7

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