Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Anhuienoside C inhibits human ovarian cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, suppression of cell migration and invasion, and targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

  • Published:
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This article was retracted on 19 August 2023

This article has been updated

Abstract

The present study was initiated to examine the anticancer effects of Anhuienoside C (AC) against ovarian cancer and postulates the possible molecular mechanism of its action. 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was implemented for determination of the effects of AC on cell viability of the ovarian cancer OVACAR-3 cell line. To study cellular morphology, phase contrast microscopy was performed. Apoptosis was examined via acridine orange/ethidium bromide used staining assays. Flow cytometry was used to check the different phases of the cell cycle. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed via transwell chamber assay. The effects of AC on expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein in ovarian cell were assessed using western blotting assay. The results indicated that the cell proliferation rate lowered in AC-treated OVACAR-3 cells as compared to the untreated controls in a dose-dependent manner. Cell morphology changed substantially by the exposure to AC and remained dose dependent. These morphological changes were indicative of apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis analysis showed dose-dependent increase of apoptosis. The cell migration and invasion of OVACAR-3 cells was reduced to a minimum by AC in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, western blotting assay showed blocking of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with increasing AC doses. Taking all together, AC is a potential ovarian cancer inhibitor. It induces its anti-ovarian cancer effects via induction of apoptosis, delaying cell migration and invasion, and blocking PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.

Change history

References

  1. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL et al (2015) Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 65:87–108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Knutson KL, Karyampudi L, Lamichhane P, Preston C (2015) Targeted immune therapy of ovarian cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 34:53–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Au KK, Josahkian JA, Francis JA, Squire JA, Koti M (2015) Current state of biomarkers in ovarian cancer prognosis. Fut Oncol 11:3187–3195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Vaughan S, Coward JI, Bast RC et al (2011) Rethinking ovarian cancer: recommendations for improving outcomes. Nat Rev Cancer 11:719–725

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. He QZ, Luo XZ, Wang K et al (2014) Isolation and characterization of cancer stem cells from high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Cell Physiol Biochem 33:173–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Newman DJ, Cragg GM (2012) Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. J Nat Prod 75:311–335

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Graham JG, Quinn ML, Fabricant DS, Farnsworth NR (2000) Plants used against cancer—an extension of the work of Jonathan Hartwell. J Ethnopharmacol 73:347–377

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang LT, Zhang YW, Takaishi Y, Duan HQ (2008) Antitumor triterpene saponins from anemone flaccida. Chin Chem Lett 19:190–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2007.11.029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu Q, Xiao XH, Hu LB et al (2017) Anhuienoside C ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis through inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 8:299

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang C, Jiang Y, Yu K, Liu K, Wang H (2020) Anhuienoside C attenuates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy rats. Dose Response 18(3):1559325820939010. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325820939010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang B, Xu X, Ma Q, Qin H, Zhang J, Pang H et al (2020) Anhuienoside C ameliorates atherosclerosis in rats via regulation of the NFκB/eNOS/NO signaling pathway. Trop J Pharm Res 19(4):721–726. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i4.7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sun B, Su T, Zhibin (2022) Anhuienoside C ameliorates osteoclast differentiation in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by regulating RANKL/Wnt signaling pathways. Curr Top Nutraceutical Res 20(1):51–55

    Google Scholar 

  13. Yang X, Guo F, Peng Q, Liu Y, Yang B (2019) Suppression of in vitro and in vivo human ovarian cancer growth by isoacteoside is mediated via sub-G1 cell cycle arrest, ROS generation, and modulation of AKT/PI3K/m-TOR signalling pathway. J BUON. 24(1):285–290

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jaudan A, Sharma S, Malek SNA, Dixit A (2018) Induction of apoptosis by pinostrobin in human cervical cancer cells: possible mechanism of action. PLoS ONE 13(2):e0191523. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191523

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Matulonis UA, Sood AK, Fallowfield L, Howitt BE, Sehouli J, Karlan BY (2016) Ovarian cancer. Nat Rev Dis Prim 25(2):16061. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Varghese E, Samuel SM, Sadiq Z, Kubatka P, Liskova A, Benacka J, Pazinka P, Kruzliak P, Büsselberg D (2019) Anti-cancer agents in proliferation and cell death: the calcium connection. Int J Mol Sci 20(12):3017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20123017

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Pistritto G, Trisciuoglio D, Ceci C, Garufi A, D’Orazi G (2016) Apoptosis as anticancer mechanism: function and dysfunction of its modulators and targeted therapeutic strategies. Aging (Albany NY) 8(4):603–619. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100934

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

All the authors of presented report thankful to The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China for providing necessary facility to conduct the work.

Funding

The authors have not disclosed any funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yancheng No.1 People Hospital, Yancheng, 215000, Jiangsu, China

    Yan Zhu & Lijuan Yang

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215100, Jiangsu, China

    Youguo Chen

Authors
  1. Yan Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lijuan Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Youguo Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Youguo Chen.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest to indicate.

Ethical approval

All the experimental protocols were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yancheng No.1 People Hospital, China (IACUC/YPH/12/2020).

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-023-04829-6

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhu, Y., Yang, L. & Chen, Y. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Anhuienoside C inhibits human ovarian cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, suppression of cell migration and invasion, and targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 477, 1887–1892 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-022-04406-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-022-04406-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation