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Biglycan: an emerging small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) marker and its clinicopathological significance

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Abstract

Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the structural organization of tissue and delivery of external cues to the cell. Biglycan, a class I small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP), is a key component of the ECM that participates in scaffolding the collagen fibrils and mediates cell signaling. Dysregulation of biglycan expression can result in wide range of clinical conditions such as metabolic disorder, inflammatory disorder, musculoskeletal defects and malignancies. In this review, we aim to update our current understanding regarding the link between altered expression of biglycan and different clinicopathological states. Biglycan interacts with toll like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 on the immune cells which initiates inflammation and aggravates inflammatory disorders. ECM unbound soluble biglycan acts as a DAMP (danger associated molecular pattern) resulting in sterile inflammation. Dysregulation of biglycan expression is also observed in inflammatory metabolic conditions such as atherosclerosis and obesity. In cancer, high-biglycan expression facilitates tumor growth, invasion and metastasis which is associated with poor clinical outcome. As a pivotal structural component of the ECM, biglycan strengthens the musculoskeletal system and its absence is associated with musculoskeletal defects. Thus, SLRP biglycan is a potential marker which is significantly altered in different clinicopathological states.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India

    Sandeep Appunni, Madhuram Khandelwal & Alpana Sharma

  2. Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India

    Sandeep Appunni

  3. Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, USA

    Muni Rubens

  4. Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA

    Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy

  5. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Vivek Anand

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  1. Sandeep Appunni
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SA wrote the first draft of the manuscript. MR, VR, VA, MK and AS critically reviewed and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version for publication.

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Appunni, S., Rubens, M., Ramamoorthy, V. et al. Biglycan: an emerging small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) marker and its clinicopathological significance. Mol Cell Biochem 476, 3935–3950 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-021-04216-z

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