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Beta-arrestin-2 negatively modulates inflammation response in mouse chondrocytes induced by 4-mer hyaluronan oligosaccharide

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Abstract

Beta-arrestin-2 is an adaptor protein that terminates G protein activation and seems to be involved in the modulation of the inflammatory response. Small hyaluronan (HA) fragments, such as 4-mer HA oligosaccharides, are known to interact with the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) with consequent activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB) that in turn stimulates the inflammation response. NF-kB activation is mediated by different pathways, in particular by the transforming growth factor-activated kinase-1 (TAK-1). Conversely, increased levels of protein kinase A (PKA), induced by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), seem to inhibit NF-kB activation. We studied the involvement and role of beta-arrestin-2 in mouse chondrocytes stimulated with 4-mer HA fragments. The exposure of chondrocytes to 4-mer HA produced a significant up-regulation in TLR-4, cAMP, beta-arrestin-2, TAK-1, protein 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and PKA, both in terms of mRNA expression and of the related protein levels. NF-kB was significantly activated, thereby producing the transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-17. The treatment of 4-mer HA-stimulated chondrocytes with antibodies against beta-arrestin-2 and/or a specific PKA inhibitor, significantly increased the inflammatory response, while the treatment with a specific p38MAPK inhibitor significantly reduced the inflammatory response. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory action exerted by beta-arrestin-2 appeared to be mediated in part through the direct inhibition of p38MAPK, preventing NF-kB activation, and in part through cAMP and PKA activation primed by G protein signaling, which exerted an inhibitory effect on NF-kB. Taken together, these results could be useful for future anti-inflammatory strategies.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a Grant COFIN 2009 from the MIUR, Italy [Grant n° 20094C2H2M_003].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, Section of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica, 5° piano, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy

    Giuseppe M. Campo, Angela Avenoso, Angela D’Ascola, Alberto Calatroni & Salvatore Campo

  2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica, 5° piano, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy

    Michele Scuruchi

Authors
  1. Giuseppe M. Campo
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  2. Angela Avenoso
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  3. Angela D’Ascola
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  4. Michele Scuruchi
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  5. Alberto Calatroni
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  6. Salvatore Campo
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Correspondence to Giuseppe M. Campo.

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Campo, G.M., Avenoso, A., D’Ascola, A. et al. Beta-arrestin-2 negatively modulates inflammation response in mouse chondrocytes induced by 4-mer hyaluronan oligosaccharide. Mol Cell Biochem 399, 201–208 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-014-2246-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-014-2246-5

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