Abstract
This study was designed to determine chronic effect of high sucrose low magnesium (HSLM) diet in weanling rats on plasma thyroid profile, catecholamines and activities of key hepatic glycolytic, and gluconeogenic enzymes. Compared to control diet fed group, significantly elevated levels of plasma triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine, catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) and activity of hepatic glycolytic (hexokinase and glucokinase), and gluconeogenic (glucose-6-phosphatase) enzymes were observed in high sucrose and low magnesium fed groups. However, HSLM diet had an additive effect on all these three parameters. The study thus, assumes significance as it shows that hormonal imbalance and disorders in carbohydrate metabolism at an early stage of development can be due to dietary modification or due to deficiency of key element magnesium.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chaudhary DP, Boparai RK, Sharma R, Bansal DD (2004) Studies on the development of an insulin resistant rat model by chronic feeding of low magnesium high sucrose diet. Magnes Res 17(4):293–300
Boparai RK, Kiran R, Bansal DD (2007) Insinuation of exacerbated oxidative stress in sucrose-fed rats with a low dietary intake of magnesium: evidence of oxidative damage to proteins. Free Radic Res 41(9):981–989
Chaudhary DP, Boparai RK, Bansal DD (2007) Implications of oxidative stress in high sucrose low magnesium diet fed rats. Eur J Nutr 46(7):383–390
Garg M, Kiran R, Bansal DD (2011) High sucrose low magnesium diet modulates the expression of PI3 K and ERK2 in different tissues of weanling rats. Am J Biomed Sci 3(1):11–22
Eley J, Himms-Hagen J (1989) Brown adipose tissue of mice with GTG induced obesity: altered circadian control. Am J Physiol 256:E773–E779
Ferguson DC, Hoenig M et al (1985) Triiodothyronine production by the perfused rat kidney is reduced by diabetes mellitus but not by fasting. Endocrinology 117:64–70
Tobin BW, Beard JL (1990) Interactions of iron deficiency and exercise training relative to tissue norepinephrine turnover, triiodothyronine production and metabolic rate in rats. J Nutr 120:900–908
Beard JL, Tobin BW et al (1989) Evidence for thyroid hormone deficiency in iron deficient anemic rats. J Nutr 119:772–778
Chopra IJ (1981) Triiodothyronines in health and disease, monographs in endocrinology, vol 18. Springer, New York
Oppenheimer JH (1979) Thyroid hormone action at the cellular level. Science 203:971–979
Hoch FL (1962) Biochemical actions of thyroid hormones. Physiol Rev 42:605–673
Freedland RA, Krebs HA (1967) The effect of thyroxine treatment on the rate of gluconeogenesis in the perfused rat liver. Biochem J 104:45P
Glock GE, McLean P, Whitehead JK (1956) Pathways of glucose catabolism in rat liver in alloxan diabetes and hyperthyroidism. Biochem J 63(3):520–524
Masoro EJ (1962) Biochemical mechanisms related to the homeostatic regulation of lipogenesis in animals. J Lipid Res 3:149–164
Brown J, McLean P, Greenbaum AL (1966) Influence of thyroxine and luteinizing hormone on some enzymes concerned with lipogenesis in adipose tissue, testis and adrenal gland. Biochem J 101(1):197–203
Caddell J, Kupiecki R, Proxmire DL, Satoh P, Hutchinson B (1986) Plasma catecholamines in acute magnesium deficiency in weanling rats. J Nutr 116:1896–1901
Shafrir E (2000) Overnutrition in spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus): b cells expansion leading to rupture and overt diabetes on fat-rich diet and protective energy-wasting elevation in thyroid hormone on sucrose-rich diet. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 16:94–105
Hoch FL (1971) Energy transformation in mammals regulatory mechanisms. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia/London/Toronto, pp 83–108
Pilkis SJ (1975) Method Enzymol. In: Wood WA (ed) vol 42, Academic Press, New York, p 31–39
Davidson AL, Arion WJ (1987) Factors underlying significant underestimations of glucokinase activity in crude liver extracts: physiological implications of higher cellular activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 253:156–167
Joshi MD, Jagannathan V (1966) Hexokinase. Method. Enzymol, vol 9. In: Wood WA (eds). New York, Academic Press: 371-375. Journal of Endocrinology 164:307–314
Harper AE (1970) Glucose-6-phosphatase. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methods of enzymatic analysis, vol 3. Academic Press, New York, pp 788–793
Fiske CH, Subarrow Y (1925) The colorimetric determination of phosphorous. J Biol Chem 66:375–400
Church WH (2005) Column chromatography analysis of brain tissue: an advanced laboratory exercise for neuroscience majors. J Undergrad Neurosci Edu 3(2):A36–A41
Bishnoi M, Chopra K, Kulkarni SK (2007) Neurochemical changes associated with chronic administration of typical antipsychotics and its relationship with tardive dyskinesia. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 29(3):211–216
Young RA, Braverman LE, Rajatanavin R (1982) Low protein-high carbohydrate diet induces alterations in the serum thyronine-binding proteins in the rat. Endocrinology 110:1607–1612
Corradino RA, Parker HE (1962) Magnesium and thyroid function in rat. J Nutr 77:455–458
Hemmings SJ, Takaya S (2003) Sucrose feeding effects inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in the liver of the rat: possible mediation by thyroid hormone. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 35:51–60
Davidson MB, Chopra IJ (1979) Effect of Carbohydrate and Noncarbohydrate Sources of Calories on Plasma 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Concentrations in Man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48:577–581
Rosenbaum M, Hirsch J, Murphy E, Leibel RL (2000) Effects of changes in body weight on carbohydrate metabolism, catecholamine excretion and thyroid function. Am J Clin Nutr 71:1421–1432
Watson KV, Moldow CF, Ogburn PL, Jacob HS (1986) Magnesium sulfate: rationale for its use in preeclampsia. Proc Natl Acad Sci 83:1075–1078
James MF (1989) Use of magnesium sulphate in the anaesthetic management of phaeochromocytoma: a review of 17 anaesthetics. Br J Anaesth 62:616–623
Murasato Y, Harada Y, Ikeda M, Nakashima Y, Hayashida Y (1999) Effect of magnesium deficiency on autonomic circulatory regulation in conscious rats. Hypertension 34:247–252
Schaftingen VE, Vandercammen A (1989) Stimulation of glucose phosphorylation by fructose in isolated rat hepatocytes. Eur J Biochem 179:173–177
Lin WJ, Anderson JW (1977) Effects of high sucrose or starch-bran diets on glucose and lipid metabolism of normal and diabetic rats. J Nutr 107:584–595
Hansen R, Pilkis SJ, Krahl ME (1970) Effect of insulin on the synthesis in vitro of hexokinase in rat epididymal adipose tissue. Endocrinology 86(1):57–65
Spence JT, Pitot HC (1979) Glucokinase activity. J Biol Chem 254:12331–12360
Katz NR, Nauck MA, Wilson PT (1979) Trace elements and diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 88:23–29
Sibrowski S, Seitz HJ (1984) The chemistry of chromium. J Biol Chem 259:343–346
Stifel FB, Rosenweig NS, Zakim D, Herman RH (1968) Dietary regulation of glycolytic enzymes. I. Adaptive changes in rat jejunum. Biochim Biophys Acta 170(2):221–227
Commerford SR, Ferniza JB, Bizeau ME, Thresher JS, Willis WT, Pagliassotti MJ (2002) Diets enriched in sucrose or fat increase gluconeogenesis and G-6-Pase but not basal glucose production in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283:E545–E555
Schaftingen VE, Detheux M, DaCunha MV (1994) Short term control of glucokinase activity: role of a regulatory protein. FASEB J 8:414–419
Pagliassotti MJ, Shahrokhi KA, Moscarello M (1994) Involvement of liver and skeletal muscle in sucrose-induced insulin resistance: dose-response studies. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integr Comp Physiol 266:R1637–R1644
Pagliassotti MJ, Prach PA (1997) Increased net hepatic glucose output from gluconeogenic precursors after high-sucrose diet feeding in male rats. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integr Comp Physiol 272:R526–R531
Bizeau ME, Thresher JS, Pagliassotti MJ (2001) A high-sucrose diet increases gluconeogenic capacity in isolated periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280:695–702
Thresher JS, Podolin DA, Wei Y, Mazzeo RS, Pagliassotti MJ (2000) Comparison of the effects of sucrose and fructose on insulin action and glucose tolerance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 279:R1334–R1340
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to UGC and CSIR, New Delhi, India for providing financial assistance for carrying out this research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Garg, M., Mehra, P. & Bansal, D.D. Hormonal imbalance and disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism associated with chronic feeding of high sucrose low magnesium diet in weanling male wistar rats. Mol Cell Biochem 389, 35–41 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-013-1924-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-013-1924-z