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Reactive oxygen species mediated tissue damage in high energy proton irradiated mouse brain

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Abstract

Although radiation related research has been conducted extensively, the molecular toxicology and cellular mechanisms affected by proton radiation remain poorly understood. We recently reported that the high energy protons induce cell death through activation of apoptotic signaling genes; caspase 3 and 8 (Baluchamy et al. J Biol Chem 285:24769–24774, 2010). In this study, we investigated the effect of different doses of protons in in vivo mouse system, particularly, brain tissues. A significant dose-dependent induction of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and reduction of antioxidants; glutathione and superoxide dismutase were observed in proton irradiated mouse brain as compared to control brain. Furthermore, histopathology studies on proton irradiated mouse brain showed significant tissue damage as compared to control brain. Together, our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that proton irradiation alters oxidant and antioxidant levels in the cells to cause proton mediated DNA/tissue damage followed by apoptotic cell death.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Mrs. Ramya Gopikrishnan and Mr. Santosh Biradar for helpful suggestions. This study was supported by NASA funding NNX08BA47A: NCC-1-02038: NIH 1P20MD001822-1 to Dr. G.T, R.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India

    Sudhakar Baluchamy

  2. Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biology, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, 23504, USA

    Prabakaran Ravichandran, Vani Ramesh, Joseph C. Hall & Govindarajan T. Ramesh

  3. Department of Biological Science, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058, USA

    Zhenhua He

  4. Radiation Biophysics Laboratory and Core Bio Analytical Laboratory, Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, USA

    Ye Zhang & Honglu Wu

  5. Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, 77004, USA

    Olufisayo Jejelowo

  6. Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA

    Daila S. Gridley

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  1. Sudhakar Baluchamy
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  2. Prabakaran Ravichandran
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  3. Vani Ramesh
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  4. Zhenhua He
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  5. Ye Zhang
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  6. Joseph C. Hall
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  7. Olufisayo Jejelowo
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  8. Daila S. Gridley
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  9. Honglu Wu
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  10. Govindarajan T. Ramesh
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Correspondence to Govindarajan T. Ramesh.

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Baluchamy, S., Ravichandran, P., Ramesh, V. et al. Reactive oxygen species mediated tissue damage in high energy proton irradiated mouse brain. Mol Cell Biochem 360, 189–195 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-011-1056-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-011-1056-2

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