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Up-regulation of circadian clock gene Period 2 in the prostate mesenchymal cells during flutamide-induced apoptosis

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Abstract

Androgen regulates the proper development and physiological function of the prostate. Here, we investigated the modulation of androgen and androgen receptor (AR) antagonist on circadian oscillations of a clock core gene Period 2 (Per2) in rat prostate mesenchymal cells (PMCs). Circadian oscillations were analyzed with the real-time monitoring system of gene expression using transgenic rats introduced with mouse Per2 promoter fused to a destabilized luciferase (Per2-dLuc) reporter gene. Analyses of circadian oscillations, immunofluorescence, and androgen response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter assay revealed that circadian clocks are operative and the AR protein is functional in PMCs in vitro. Androgen such as testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) did not cause any changes in circadian Per2-dLuc oscillations of confluent cells. Conversely, flutamide (FL) up-regulated the amplitude of circadian Per2-dLuc oscillations in a dose-dependent manner, whereas T antagonized the action of FL. The PER2 protein was markedly accumulated by FL treatment and localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm during the first peak period of circadian Per2-dLuc oscillations. Simultaneously, FL treatment increased apoptotic cell death. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that a clock gene Per2 is up-regulated in PMCs during FL-induced apoptotic cell death. Thus, circadian oscillations of Per2 gene expression may be closely linked to the cellular states of PMCs such as apoptotic cell death.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS; no.17658131; to M-A H).

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  1. Pei-jian He & Seiichi Hashimoto

    Present address: Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Kaoru Yoshida, Pei-jian He, Nobuhiko Yamauchi & Masa-aki Hattori

  2. Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Miyukigaoka 21, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan

    Seiichi Hashimoto

  3. Department of Technology Development, Innovation Headquarters, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5-3, Yobanchou, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8666, Japan

    Seiichi Hashimoto

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Correspondence to Masa-aki Hattori.

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Yoshida, K., He, Pj., Yamauchi, N. et al. Up-regulation of circadian clock gene Period 2 in the prostate mesenchymal cells during flutamide-induced apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 335, 37–45 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-009-0238-7

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