Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of monosodium glutamate on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat thymus

  • Published:
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It has been demonstrated that administration of high concentrations of monosodium glutamate (MSG), induce oxidative stress in different organs, but not in thymus. In the present study we examined the role of oxidative stress in MSG-induced thymocyte apoptosis. MSG was administrated intraperitoneally (4 mg/g of body weight) for six consecutive days. Animals were sacrificed at 1st, 7th, and 15th day after last MSG dose. MSG administration to animals significantly increased apoptotic rate of thymocytes (P < 0.01), together with significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P < 0.001) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity (P < 0.01), in time dependent manner. Catalase activity, during examination period, was significantly decreased (0 < 0.01). Obtained results showed that MSG treatment induced oxidative stress in thymus, which may have an important role in thymocyte apoptosis induced by MSG.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Castro L, Freeman BA (2001) Reactive oxygen species in human health and disease. Nutrition 17:161–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Bastard JP, Jaudon MC et al (2000) Consequences of the diabetic status on the oxidant/antioxidant balance. Diabet Metabol 26:163–176

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rollet -Labelle E, Grange MJ, Elbim C et al (1998) Hydroxyl radical as a potential intracellular mediator of polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 24:563–572

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kannak K, Jain SK (2000) Oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pathophysiology 7:153–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Knight JA (2000) Review: free radicals, antioxidants and the immune system. Ann Clin Lab Sci 30:145–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hildeman DA, Mitchell T, Aronow B et al (2003) Control of Bcl-2 expression by reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100:15035–15040

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gill SS, Pulido OM (2001) Glutamate receptors in peripheral tissues: current knowledge, future research, and implications for toxicology. Toxicol Pathol 29:208–223

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Skerry TM, Genever PG (2001) Glutamate signalling in non-neuronal tissues. Trends Pharmacol Sci 22:174–181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hinoi E, Takarada T, Ueshima T et al (2004) Glutamate signaling in peripheral tissues. Eur J Biochem 271:1–13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lombardi G, Disanzani C, Miglio G et al (2001) Characterization of ionotropic glutamate receptors in human lymphocytes. Br J Pharmacol 133:936–944

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ganor Y, Besser M, Ben-Zakay N et al (2003) Human T-cells express a functional ionotropic glutamate receptor GluR3, and glutamate by itself triggers integrin-mediated adhesion to laminin and fibronectin and chemotactic migration. J Immunol 170:4362–4372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Storto M, Grazia U, Battaglia G et al (2000) Expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors in murine thymocytes and thymic stromal cells. J Neuroimmunol 109:112–120

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rezzani R, Corsetti G, Rodella L et al (2003) Cyclosporine-A treatment inhibits the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat thymus. Acta Histochem 105:81–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Pavlovic V, Cekic S, Sokolovic D et al (2006) Modulatory effect of monosodium glutamate on rat thymocyte proliferation and apoptosis. Brat Lek Listy 107:185–191

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Farombi EO, Onyema OO (2006) Monosodium glutamate-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in the rat: modulatory role of vitamin C, vitamin E and quercetin. Hum Exp Toxicol 25:251–259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Singh P, Mann AK, Mangat HK et al (2003) Prolonged glutamate excitotoxicity: Effects on mitochondrial antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Mol Cell Biochem 243:139–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Trobonjaca Z, Radosevic-Stasic B, Crncevic Z et al (2001) Modulatory effects of octreotide on anti-CD3 and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of murine thymocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 1:1753–1764

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hayashi M, Nagata A, Endoh D et al (2002) High sensitivity of thymocytes of LEC strain rats to induction of apoptosis by X-radiation. J Vet Med Sci 64:597–601

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Vermes I, Haanen C, Steffens-Nakken H et al (1995) A novel assay for apoptosis. Flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein labelled Annexin V. J Immunol Methods 184:39–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Koopman G, Reutelingsperger CP, Kuijten GA et al (1994) Annexin V for flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on B cells undergoing apoptosis. Blood 84:1415–1420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Okasha SA, Ryu S, Do Y et al (2001) Evidence for estradiol-induced apoptosis and dysregulated T cell maturation in the thymus. Toxicology 163:49–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lecoeur H, Prevost MC, Gougeon ML (2001) Oncosis is associated with exposure of phosphatidylserine residues on the outside layer of the plasma membrane: a reconsideration of the specificity of the annexin V/propidium iodide assay. Cytometry 44:65–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anl Biochem 95:351–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kazaki H, Sakurada T (1977) Simple micro-assay methods for enzymes of purine metabolism. J Lab Clin Med 89:1135–1144

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hashimoto JA (1974) New spectrophotometric assay method of xanthine oxidase in crude tissue homogenate. Anal Biochem 62:426–435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Koroliuk MA, Ivanova LI, Maiorova IG et al (1988) A method of determining catalase activity. Lab Delo 1:16–9

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lowry O, Roseenbrough N, Farr A (1951) Protein measurment with Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:167–175

    Google Scholar 

  28. Savino W, Dardenne M (2000) Neuroendocrine control of thymus physiology. Endo Rev 21:412–443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Pavlovic V, Cekic S (2006) The effect of monosodium glutamate on rat thymocyte proliferation and Bcl-2/Bax protein expresssion. Arch Med Sci 4: 247–251

    Google Scholar 

  30. Schelman WR, Andres RD, Sipe KJ et al (2004) Glutamate mediates cell death and increases the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio in a differentiated neuronal cell line. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 128:160–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Martin LJ, Sieber FE, Traystman RJ (2000) Apoptosis and necrosis occur in separate neuronal populations in hippocampus and cerebellum after ischemia and are associated with differential alterations in metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathways. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 20:153–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Miglio G, Varsaldi F, Dianzani C et al (2005) Stimulation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors evokes calcium signals and c-jun and c-fos gene expression in human T cells. Biochem Pharmacol 70:189–199

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kroemer GB, Esche-Rigon D (1998) The mitochondrial death/life regulator in apoptosis and necrosis. Annu Rev Physiol 60:619–642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Luetjens CM, Bui NT, Sengpiel B et al (2000) Delayed mitochondrial dysfunction in excitotoxic neuron death: cytochrome c release and a secondary increase in superoxide production. J Neurosci 20:5715–5723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Latha B, Babu M (2001) The involvement of free radicals in burn injury: a review. Burns 27:309–317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gutterridge JC (1995) Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem 41:1819–1828

    Google Scholar 

  37. Choudhary P, Malik VT, Puri S et al (1996): Studies of the effect of monosodium glutamate on hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation, calcium, ascorbic acid and glutathione and its dependent enzymes in adult male mice. Toxicol Lett 89:71–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Warner DS, Sheng H, Batinic-Haberle I (2004) Oxidants, antioxidants and the ischemic brain. J Exp Biol 207:3221–3231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Jaeschke H (2002) Xanthine oxidase-induced oxidant stress during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion: are we coming full circle after 20 years? Hepatology 36:761–763

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Zeki S, Miura S, Suzuki H et al (2002) Xanthine oxidase-derived oxygen radicals play significant roles in the development of chronic pancreatitis in WBN/Kob rats. Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:606–616

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ates O, Cayli SR, Altinoz E et al (2006) Neuroprotective effect of mexiletine in the central nervous system of diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 286:125–131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Curtin JF, Donovan M, Cotter TG (2002) Regulation and measurment of oxidative stress in apoptosis. J Immunol Methods 265:49–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Singh K, Ahluwalia P (2003) Studies on the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration on some antioxidant enzymes in the arterial tissue of adult male mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 49:145–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Tome ME, Baker AF, Powis G et al (2001) Catalase-overexpressing thymocytes are resistant to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and exhibit increased net tumor growth. Cancer Res 61:2766–2773

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Lledias F, Rangel P, Hansberg W (1998) Oxidation of catalase by singlet oxygen. J Biol Chem 273:10630–10637

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Kaushik S, Kaur J (2003) Chronic cold exposure affects the antioxidant defense system in various rat tissues. Clin Chim Acta 333:69–77

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Environmental Protection of Serbia (Project 145081).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica, 18000, Nis, Serbia

    Voja Pavlovic, Snezana Cekic & Dragana Velickovic

  2. Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty University of Nis, Nis, Serbia

    Dusica Pavlovic, Gordana Kocic, Dusan Sokolovic & Tatjana Jevtovic-Stoimenov

Authors
  1. Voja Pavlovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dusica Pavlovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gordana Kocic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dusan Sokolovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tatjana Jevtovic-Stoimenov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Snezana Cekic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Dragana Velickovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Voja Pavlovic.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pavlovic, V., Pavlovic, D., Kocic, G. et al. Effect of monosodium glutamate on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat thymus. Mol Cell Biochem 303, 161–166 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-007-9469-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-007-9469-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation