Abstract
The effect of cinnamic acid or its related compounds, which is present in many plants, on bone metabolism has not been clarified yet. The effect of cinnamic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA), ferulic acid, caffeic acid, or 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (DCA) on bone calcium content in vitro was investigated. Rat femoral-diaphyseal (cortical bone) and -metaphyseal (trabecular bone) tissues were cultured for 48,h in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (high glucose, 4.5%) supplemented with antibiotics and bovine serum albumin. The presence of HCA (10−5 or 10−4,M) caused a significant increase in calcium content in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal tissues. Such an effect was not observed in the presence of cinnamic acid or other compounds at the concentration of 10−5 or 10−4,M. Alkaline phosphatase activity and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal tissues was significantly increased in the presence of HCA (10−5 or 10−4,M). The effect of HCA (10−4,M) in increasing calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and DNA content in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal tissues was completely prevented in the presence of cycloheximide (10−6,M), an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Thus HCA had anabolic effects on bone components. The presence of parathyroid hormone (PTH; 10−7,M), a bone-resorbing factor, caused a significant decrease in calcium content and a corresponding elevation in medium glucose consumption, lactic acid production or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) activity in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal tissues. These alterations were completely prevented in the presence of HCA (10−5 or 10−4,M). This study demonstrates that p-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) has stimulatory effects on bone formation and inhibitory effects on bone resorption in tissue culture in vitro.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nishimoto SK, Chang C-H, Gendler E, Stryker WF, Nimni ME: The effect of aging on bone formation in rats: Biochemical and histological evidence for decreased bone formation capacity. Calcif Tissue Int 37: 617–624, 1985
Schapia C, Slinn S, Sarid M, Mokadi S, Kabala A, Slibermann M: Calcium and vitamin D enriched diets increase and preserve vertebral mineral content in aging laboratory rats. Bone 16: 575–582, 1995
Wild RA, Buchamain JR, Myers C, Demers LM: Declining adrenal androgen; an association with bone loss in aging women. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 186: 335–360, 1987
Cooper C, Melton J III: Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 3: 224–229, 1995
Bonjour J-P, Schurch M-A, Rozzori R: Nutritional aspects of hip fractures. Bone 18: 1395–1445, 1996
Sugimoto E, Yamaguchi M: Anabolic effect of genistein in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Int J Mol Med 5: 515–520, 2000
Sugimoto E, Yamaguchi M: Stimulatory effect of daidzein in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 59: 471–475, 2000
Yamaguchi M, Gao YH: Inhibitory effect of genistein on bone resorption in tissue culture. Biochem Pharmacol 55: 71–76, 1998
Gao YH, Yamaguchi M: Inhibitory effect of genistein on osteioclast-like cell formation in mouse marrow cultures. Biochem Pharmacol 58: 767–772, 1999
Yamaguchi M: Isoflavone and bone metabolism: Its cellular mechanism and preventive role in bone loss. J Health Sci 48: 209–222, 2002
Price PA: Vitamin K-dependent formation of bone gla protein (osteocalcin) and its function. Vitam Horm 42: 65–108, 1985
Yamaguchi M, Sugimoto E, Hachiya S: Stimulatory effect of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2) on osteoblastic bone resorption in rat bone tissues in vitro. Mol Cell Biochem 223: 131–137, 2001
Yamaguchi M, Ma ZJ: Inhibitory effect of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2) on osteioclast-like cell formation and osteoclastic bone resorption in rat bone tissues in vitro. Mol Cell Biochem 228: 39–47, 2001
Stenmetz KA, Potter JD: Vegetable, fruits, and cancer prevention: A review. J Am Diet Assoc 96: 1027–1033, 1996
Yamaguchi M, Uchiyama S: Effect of carotenoid on calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in rat femoral tissues in vitro: The unique an anabolic effect of β-cryptoxanthin. Biol Pharm Bull 26: 1188–1191, 2003
Yamaguchi M, Uchiyama S: β-Cryptoxanthin stimulates bone formation and inhibits bone resorption in tissue culture in vitro. Mol Cell Biochem 258: 137–144, 2004
Uchiyama S, Yamaguchi M: β-Cryptoxanthin stimulates cell proliferation and transcriptional activity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Int J Mol Med 15: 675–681, 2005
Uchiyama S, Yamaguchi M: β-Cryptoxanthin stimulates cell differentiation and mineralization on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. J Cell Biochem 95: 1224–1234, 2005
Uchiyama S, Yamaguchi M: Inhibitory effect of β-cryptoxanthin on osteoclast-like cell formation in mouse marrow cultures. Biochem Pharmacol 67: 1297–1305, 2004
Ma ZJ, Simanuki S, Igarashi A, Kawasaki Y, Yamaguchi M: Preventive effect of dietary fermented soybean on bone loss in ovariectomized rats: Enhancement with isoflavone and zinc supplementation. J Health Sci 46: 263–268, 2000
Yamaguchi M, Kakuda H, Gao YH, Tsukamoto Y: Prolonged intake of femented soybean (natto) diets containing vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab 18: 71–76, 2000
Uchiyama S, Yamaguchi M: Oral administration of β-cryptoxanthin prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Int J Mol Med, 17:15–20, 2006
Yamaguchi M, Oishi H, Suketa Y: Stimulatory effect of zinc bone formation in tissue culture. Biochem Pharmacol 36: 4007–4012, 1987
Walter K, Schutt C: Acid and alkaline phosphayase in serum. In: HU. Bergmeyer (ed). Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Vols 1-2. Academic Press, New York, 1965, pp 856–860
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265–275, 1951
Flangan B, Nichols G Jr: Metabilic studiets of bone in vitriol. IV. Collagen biosynthesis by surviving bone fragments in vitro. J Biol Chem 237: 3686–3692, 1962
Ceriotti G: Determination of nucleic acids in animal tissues. J Biol Chem 214: 39–77, 1955
Hyvarimem A, Nikkila EA: Specific determination of blood glucose with o-tolidome. Clin Chim Acta 7: 140–143, 1962
Noll F: Determination with LDH, GPT and NAD. In: HU Bergmeyer (ed). Methods on Enzymatic Analysis, Vol 3, Academic Press, New York, 1965, pp 1475–1479
Minkin C: Bone acid phosphatase: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a marker of osteiclast function. Calcif Tissue Int 34: 285–290, 1982
Klein-Nulend J, Fall PM, Raisz LG: Comparison of the effects of synthetic human parathyroid hormone (PTH)-(1-34)-related peptide of malignancy and bovine PTH-(1–34) on bone formation and resorption in organ culture. Endocrinoligy 126: 223–227, 1990
Takahashi N, Yamada H, Yoshiki S, Roodman GD, Mundy GR, Jones SJ, Boyde A Suda T: Osteoclast-like cell formation and its regulation by osteotropic hormones in mouse bone marrow cultures. Endocrinology 122: 1373–1382, 1998
Vaes G: On the mechanisms of bone resorption. The action of parathy-roid hormone on the excretion and synthesis of lysosomal enzymes and on the extracellular release of acid by bone cells. J Cell Biol 39: 676–697, 1968
Heyman AR, Warburton MJ, Pringle JA, Coles B, Chambers TJ: Purification and characterization of a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from human osteoclastomas. Biochem J 261: 601–609, 1989
Lai YL, Yamaguchi M: Oral administration of phytocomponent p-hydroxycinnamic acid has anabolic effects on bone calcification in femoral tissues bof rats in vivo. J Health Sci 52: in press, 2006
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lai, Y.L., Yamaguchi, M. Phytocomponent p-hydroxycinnamic acid stimulates bone formation and inhibits bone resorption in rat femoral tissues in vitro . Mol Cell Biochem 292, 45–52 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-006-9175-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-006-9175-x