Abstract
The one-dimensional Heisenberg XXX spin chain appears in a special limit of the AdS/CFT integrable system. We review various ways of proving its integrability, and discuss the associated methods of solution. In particular, we outline the coordinate and the algebraic Bethe ansatz, giving reference to literature suitable for learning these techniques. Finally, we speculate which of the methods might lift to the exact solution of the AdS/CFT system, and sketch a promising method for constructing the Baxter Q-operator of the XXX chain. It allows to find the spectrum of the model using certain algebraic techniques, while entirely avoiding Bethe’s ansatz.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bethe H.: Zur theorie der metalle I Eigenwerte und Eigenfunktionen der linearen atomkette. Z. Phys. 71, 205–226 (1931)
Beisert, N.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter VI.1: Superconformal Algebra. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.4004 [hep-th]
Nepomechie R.I.: A spin chain primer. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 13, 2973–2986 (1999). doi:10.1142/S0217979299002800 arXiv:hep-th/9810032
Schäfer-Nameki, S.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter II.4: The Spectral Curve. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.3989 [hep-th]
Korepin V., Bogoliubov N., Izergin A.: Quantum Inverse Scattering Method and Correlation Functions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1993)
Karbach M., Müller G.: Introduction to the Bethe ansatz I. Computers in Physics 11, 36 (1997) arXiv:cond-mat/9809162
Staudacher M.: The factorized S-matrix of CFT/AdS. JHEP 05, 054 (2005) arXiv:hep-th/0412188
Sutherland B.: A brief history of the quantum soliton with new results on the quantization of the Toda lattice. Rocky Mt. J. Math. 8, 431 (1978)
Sutherland B.: Beautiful Models: 70 Years of Exactly Solved Quantum Many-Body Problems. World Scientific, New Jersey (2004)
Faddeev, L.D.: How Algebraic Bethe Ansatz works for integrable model. arXiv:hep-th/9605187
Faddeev L.D.: Algebraic aspects of Bethe Ansatz. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 10, 1845–1878 (1995). doi:10.1142/S0217751X95000905 arXiv:hep-th/9404013
Doikou, A., Evangelisti, S., Feverati, G., Karaiskos, N.: Introduction to Quantum Integrability. arXiv:0912.3350 [math-ph]
Escobedo, J., Gromov, N., Sever, A., Vieira, P.: Tailoring Three-Point Functions and Integrability. arXiv:1012.2475 [hep-th]
Zoubos, K.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter IV.2: Deformations, Orbifolds and Open Boundaries. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.3998 [hep-th]
Minahan, J.A.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter I.1: Spin Chains in \({\fancyscript{N}=4}\) SYM. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.3983 [hep-th]
Sutherland, B.: Exactly Solvable Problems in Condensed Matter and Relativistic Field Theory. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 242. Springer, Berlin (1985)
Sutherland B.: A general model for multicomponent quantum systems. Phys. Rev. B 12, 3795–3805 (1975). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.12.3795
Rej, A.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter I.3: Long-range spin chains. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.3985 [hep-th]
Sieg, C.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter I.2: The spectrum from perturbative gauge theory. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.3984 [hep-th]
Janik, R.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter III.5: Lüscher corrections. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.3994 [hep-th]
Ahn, C., Nepomechie, R.I.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter III.2: Exact world-sheet S-matrix. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.3991 [hep-th]
Vieira, P., Volin, D.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter III.3: The dressing factor. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.3992 [hep-th]
de Leeuw, M.: The S-matrix of the AdS 5 × S 5 superstring. arXiv:1007.4931 [hep-th]
Kazakov, V., Gromov, N.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter III.7: Hirota Dynamics for Quantum Integrability. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.3996 [hep-th]
Bajnok, Z.: Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter III.6: Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz. Lett. Math. Phys. Published in this volume. arXiv:1012.3995 [hep-th]
Bazhanov V.V., Łukowski T., Meneghelli C., Staudacher M.: A Shortcut to the Q-Operator. J. Stat. Mech. 1011, P11002 (2010). doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2010/11/P11002 arXiv:1005.3261 [hep-th]
Bazhanov, V.V., Frassek, R., Łukowski, T., Meneghelli, C., Staudacher, M.: Baxter Q-Operators and Representations of Yangians. arXiv:1010.3699 [math-ph]
Frassek, R., Łukowski, T., Meneghelli, C., Staudacher, M.: Oscillator Construction of su(n|m) Q-Operators. arXiv:1012.6021 [math-ph]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Staudacher, M. Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter III.1: Bethe Ansätze and the R-Matrix Formalism. Lett Math Phys 99, 191–208 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11005-011-0530-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11005-011-0530-9