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Finite element analysis for geometrically nonlinear deformations of smart functionally graded plates using vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composite

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Abstract

In this paper, a finite element model has been developed for the geometrically nonlinear static analysis of simply supported functionally graded (FG) plates integrated with a patch of vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composite material acting as a distributed actuator. The material properties of the functionally graded substrate plate are assumed to be graded only in the thickness direction according to the power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The analysis of the electro-elastic coupled problem includes the transverse deformations of the overall plate to utilize the transverse normal actuation by the distributed actuator for counteracting the nonlinear deformations of smart functionally graded plates. The nonlinear governing equations of equilibrium are solved by using direct iteration method with under-relaxation. The numerical illustrations suggest the potential use of the distributed actuator made of vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composite material for active control of nonlinear deformations of smart functionally graded plates. The effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber orientation in the distributed actuator on its control authority for counteracting the nonlinear deformations of smart functionally graded plates has also been investigated.

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Appendix

Appendix

$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{b1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llll} {\mathbf{1}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{1}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{1}}&{\mathbf{1}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], \quad [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{b2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lllll} {{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], \quad [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{b3}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lllll} {{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]. $$
$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{nb1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lll} {{\mathbf{1/2}}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{1/2}}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{1}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], \quad [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{nb2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llllllll} {{\mathbf{1/2(z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{1/2(z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{1/2(z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], $$
$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{nb3}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lllllllllll} {{\mathbf{1/2(z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{1/2(z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{1/2(z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], $$
$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{s1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{ll} {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{1}} \\ {\mathbf{1}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], \quad [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{s2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llll} {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ {{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], \quad [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{s3}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llll} {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ {{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], \quad [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{ns1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{ll} {{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], $$
$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{ns2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{ll} {{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], \quad [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{ns3}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llllllll} {{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], $$
$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{nb}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lllllllll} {\mathbf{1}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{1}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{1}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], $$
$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{nb}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lllllllllll} {({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], $$
$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{nb}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{3}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lllllllllll} {({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} )^{{\mathbf{2}}}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], $$
$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{ns}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llll} {{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], $$
$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{ns}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llllllllll} {{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right], $$
$$ [{\mathbf{Z}}_{{\mathbf{ns}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{3}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llllllllll} {{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} &{{\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right] $$

in which, \({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} =\frac{\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} {\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{z}}},\)\({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2,z}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} =\frac{\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}}} {\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{z}}};\)\({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} =({\mathbf{z-}}\varvec{\langle} {\mathbf{z-h/2}}\varvec{\rangle} ),\, ({\mathbf{k=1, 2}})\) or \({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{1}}} ={\mathbf{z}},\,\, {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{1}}}^{{\mathbf{2}}} ={\mathbf{h/2}};\)\({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{k}}} =\varvec{\langle} {\mathbf{z-h/2}}\varvec{\rangle},\, ({\mathbf{k=1, 2}})\) or \({\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{1}}} ={\mathbf{0}},\,\, {\mathbf{z}}_{{\mathbf{2}}}^{{\mathbf{2}}} ={\mathbf{(z-h/2)}}.\)

$$ [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{nb1}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lll} {{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, \quad [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{nb2}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llllllll} {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, $$
$$ [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{nb3}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lllllllllll} {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\upphi}_{\mathbf{z,y}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{\mathbf{0,y}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} & {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, \quad [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{ns1}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{ll} {\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} \\ {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, $$
$$ [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{ns2}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{ll} {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{\uptheta}}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} \\ {{\mathbf{\uptheta}}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, \quad [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{ns3}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llllllll} {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{\mathbf{z,y}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, $$
$$ [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{nb}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{1}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lllllllll} {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} \\ {{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} & {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, $$
$$ [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{nb}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{2}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lllllllllll} {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, $$
$$ [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{nb}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{3}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{lllllllllll} {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{{\mathbf{z,x}}}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, $$
$$ [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{ns}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{1}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llll} {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} & {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} \\ {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} & {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, \quad [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{ns}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{2}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llllllllll} {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}}, $$
$$ [{\mathbf{R}}_{{\mathbf{ns}}\varvec{\upalpha} {\mathbf{3}}}]=\left[ {{\begin{array}{llllllllll} {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}& {\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}}&{\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}}} & {\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}&{{\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}}} &{\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} &{\mathbf{0}}& {\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}}} \\ \end{array}}} \right]^{{\mathbf{T}}} $$

where, \({\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,x}}} =\frac{\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0}}}} {\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{x}}},\)\({\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0,y}}} =\frac{\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{w}}_{{\mathbf{0}}}} {\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{y}}},\)\(\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}} =\frac{\varvec{\partial \uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} {\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{x}}},\)\(\varvec{\uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}} =\frac{\varvec{\partial \uptheta}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} {\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{y}}},\)\(\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,x}}} =\frac{\varvec{\partial \upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} {\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{x}}},\)\(\varvec{\upphi}_{{\mathbf{z,y}}} =\frac{\varvec{\partial \upphi}_{{\mathbf{z}}}} {\varvec{\partial} {\mathbf{y}}}\)

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Panda, S., Ray, M.C. Finite element analysis for geometrically nonlinear deformations of smart functionally graded plates using vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composite. Int J Mech Mater Des 4, 239–253 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10999-008-9054-6

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