Abstract
An experimental research work was performed for the understanding of the workability behavior of pure iron preforms produced through powder metallurgy route during hot forging under triaxial stress state condition. Relationship was established between the formability stress index and the axial strain. A relationship between the relative density and the axial strain was also established. Various stress ratio parameter under triaxial stress state condition which indicates the workability behavior of the material namely, \({(\sigma _{\theta }/\sigma _{\rm eff})}\), \({(\sigma _{\rm m}/\sigma_{\rm eff})}\) and \({(\sigma _{z}/\sigma_{\rm eff})}\) were studied. An attempt has also been made to relate the stress ratio parameters with the relative density (R).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- h o :
-
Initial perform height, mm
- h f :
-
Deformed height of the perform, mm
- D o :
-
Initial diameter of the perform, mm
- Dc1:
-
Contact diameter of the preform (top surface), mm
- Dc2:
-
Contact diameter of the preform (bottom surface), mm
- D c :
-
Contact diameter, mm
- D b :
-
Bulged diameter, mm
- R:
-
Relative density
- ρo :
-
Initial preform density, g/cc
- ρth :
-
Theoretical preform density, g/cc
- ρf :
-
Deformed preform density, g/cc
- σθ :
-
True Hoop stress, MPa
- σ z :
-
True axial stress, MPa
- σ r :
-
True radial stress, MPa
- σm :
-
Mean or hydrostatic stress, MPa
- σeff :
-
Effective stress, MPa
- \({\varepsilon _{z}}\) :
-
True axial strain
- \({\varepsilon _{\theta}}\).:
-
True hoop strain
- γ:
-
Conventional Poisson’s ratio
- γ1 :
-
New Poisson’s ratio
- R m :
-
Measured barrel radius, mm
- R ca l :
-
Calculated barrel radius, mm
References
Abdel-Rahman, M., El-Sheikh, M.N.: Workability in forging of powder metallurgy compacts. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 54, 97–102 (1995)
Atkins, A.G., Mai, Y.W.: Elastic and Plastic Fracture. Wiley (1985)
Doraivelu, S.M., Gegel, H.L., Gunasekaran, J.S., Malas, J.C., Morugan, J.T.: A new yield function for compressible P/M Materials. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 26(9/10), 527–535 (1984)
Gouveia, B.P.P.A., Rodrigues, J.M.C., Martins, P.A.F.: Fracture predicting in bulk metal forming. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 38(4), 361–372 (1996)
Green, R.J.: A plasticity theory for porous solids. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 14, 215–224 (1972)
Jones, P.: Densification strategies for high endurance PM compacts. Int. J. Powder Metall. 33(3), 37–43 (1997)
Kim, K.T., Yang, H.C., Hong, S.T.: Densification behavior of titanium alloy powder compacts at high temperature. Powder Metall. 44(1), 34–35 (2001)
Kuhn, H.A., Downey, C.L.: Deformation characteristics and plasticity theory of sintered powder materials. Int. J. Powder Metall. 7(1), 162 (1971)
Kuhn, H.A., Lee, P.W., Erturk, T.: Fracture criterion for cold forming. Trans ASME. J. Eng. Mater. Tech. 95, 213–218 (1973)
Kuhn, H.A. et al.: In: Aqua, E.N. (ed.) Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 15, pp. 463–479. ASM Transactions (1982)
Lee, P.W., Kuhn, H.A.: Fracture in cold upset forging a criteron and model. Metal Trans. A4, 969–974 (1973)
Lemaitre, J.: A Course on Damage Mechanics. Springer-Verlag (1996)
Narayanasamy, R., Pandey, K.S.: Phenomenon of barrelling in aluminium solid cylinders during cold upset forging. J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 70, 17–201 (1997)
Narayansamy, R., Pandey, K.S.: A study on the barreling of sintered iron preforms during hot forging. J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 100, 84–94 (2000)
Narayansamy, R., Ponalagusamy, R., Subramanian, K.R.: Generalized yield criteria of porous sintered powder metallurgy metals. J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 110, 182–185 (2001)
Narayanasamy, R., Ramesh, T., Pandey, K.S.: Some aspects on workability of aluminium–iron powder metallurgy composite during cold upsetting. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 391, 418–426 (2005)
Pandey, K.S.: Indigeneously Developed Ceramic Coating. R.E.C., Trichy, Tamilnadu, India (1986)
Shima, S., Oyane, M.: Plasticity theory for porous metals. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 18, 285–291 (1976)
Sowerby, R., O’Reilly, I., Chandrasekaran, N., Dung, N.L.: Materials testing for cold forging. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. Trans. ASME. 106, 101–106 (1984)
Vujovic, V., Shabaik, A.H.: A new workability criterion for ductile metals. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 108, 245 (1986)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Narayanasamy, R., Senthilkumar, V. & Pandey, K.S. Workability studies on powder metallurgy pure iron preforms during hot forging under triaxial stress state condition. Int J Mech Mater Des 3, 175–184 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10999-007-9021-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10999-007-9021-7