Abstract
Objectives
To investigate maternal prenatal anxiety and depression in high-risk pregnancies and examine their influence on maternal–fetal attachment.
Methods
We included 95 hospitalized high-risk pregnant women. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) were used to assess the primary objective. Internal consistency and construct validity of the PAI were investigated.
Results
The average age was 31 years and gestational age ranged from 26 to 41 weeks. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was 20% and anxiety symptoms 39%. Cronbach alpha coefficient of the PAI Tunisian version was 0.8 and the construct validity in favour of one factor model. PAI scores correlated negatively and significatively with the HADS total score (r = − 0.218, p = 0.034) and was attributed to the depression dimension only (r = − 0.205, p = 0.046).
Conclusions for Practice
Emotional wellbeing of pregnant women especially in high-risk pregnancies should be explored in order to prevent consequences on women, their growing fetus, and prenatal attachment.
Significance
What is already known? Maternal prenatal emotional well-being influences maternal–fetal attachment which has important implications on postnatal bonding. Anxiety and depression disorders during pregnancy could affect women’s attachment to their unborn child in a negative way. Research has largely been conducted with the general pregnant population with little focus on at-risk pregnancies, which are associated with increased levels of mood disorders.
What this paper adds? This study highlights the impact of depression but not situational anxiety on maternal–fetal attachment in women with high-risk pregnancies, highlighting the importance of assessing and managing psychological disorders during pregnancy to enhance the quality of prenatal bonding.
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Availability of Data and Material
Data are available from the corresponding author.
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All authors participated in the study: FT did the field investigation, the data curation, wrote the original draft of the manuscript and performed analysis. MH conceptualized the study with the design of methodology and reviewed and edited the manuscript. ABA recruited the patients and reviewed and edited the manuscript. MB helped with investigation and the data curation. RF reviewed the methodology and performed analysis. AT and AB supervised the work.
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Testouri, F., Hamza, M., Amor, A.B. et al. Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in At-Risk Pregnancy: Influence on Maternal–Fetal Attachment in Tunisia. Matern Child Health J 27, 2008–2016 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03736-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03736-y