Abstract
Objectives
Sports are an important way to improve health during adolescence. However, it is still unclear whether the association between sports, blood pressure, and metabolic profile could be affected by sex, biological maturation, and trunk fatness. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between sports participation and the cluster of cardiovascular markers among adolescents of both sexes.
Methods
A cross-sectional study involving 285 adolescents aged from 11 to 17 years of age (202 boys and 83 girls). Cardiovascular variables were composed of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate (RHR), and carotid (CIMT) and femoral (FIMT) intima–media thickness, which were used to calculate the CardiovascularZ score. Sports participation was assessed through a face-to-face interview. Age of peak height velocity (APHV) was used as a covariate.
Results
Among girls, the group engaged in sports presented lower values of RHR (sport: − 0.344 [95% CI − 0.650 to − 0.037] versus non-sport: 0.540 [95% CI 0.125 to 0.954]) and CardiovascularZ score (sport: − 0.585 [95% CI − 1.329 to 0.159] versus non-sport: 0.879 [95% CI − 0.127 to 1.884]), explaining 12.2% and 6.1% of all variance, respectively. Among boys, the group engaged in sports presented lower values of DBP (sport: − 0.158 [95% CI − 0.335 to 0.018] versus non-sport: 0.160 [95% CI − 0.091 to 0.412]) and FIMT (sport: − 0.128 [95% CI − 0.300 to − 0.044] versus non-sport: 0.211 [95% CI − 0.032 to 0.454]), explaining 2.2% and 2.6% of all variance, respectively.
Conclusions for Practice
Adolescents engaged in sports presented healthier cardiovascular parameters, and sports participation seems to affect cardiovascular health differently in boys and girls.
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Acknowledgements
Thank you to all volunteers who agreed to participate in this research, and also all members of the Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF) - UNESP/Brazil who helped with the sampling and logistics of the data collection. The authors would like to thank the Sao Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP that supported the ABCD Growth Study (Process: 2015/19710-3) (2018/09131-4), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001).
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Torres, W., Cayres-Santos, S.U., Urban, J.B. et al. Participation in Non-professional Sports and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study. Matern Child Health J 24, 787–795 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02919-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02919-1