Abstract
Introduction Little is known about childcare staff’s and parents’ uptake of and attitudes towards pertussis vaccine. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to St. Louis parents and childcare staff in fall, 2014. Parents versus staff and vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals’ beliefs regarding pertussis vaccine were compared using chi square tests. Multivariate logistic regressions were run to develop predictive models for staff’s and parents’ vaccine uptake. Results Overall, 351 parents and staff from 23 agencies participated (response rate = 32%). Parents were more likely than staff to have received pertussis vaccine (66.5 vs. 45.8%, X 2 = 12.5, p < .001). Predictors for staff vaccination included willingness to get vaccinated even if there was a cost (OR 6.6; CI 1.8–24.6; p < .01), awareness of vaccination recommendations (OR 5.2; CI 1.2–22.8; p < .05), and healthcare provider recommendation (OR 4.2; CI 1.2–15.1; p < .05). Parents’ predictors of vaccination included perceived importance of vaccination (OR 9.9; CI 4.1–23.8; p < .001), healthcare provider recommendation (OR 4.6; CI 1.7–12.6; p < .01), believing vaccination is effective (OR 4.4; CI 1.1–18.0; p < .05), and knowing where to get vaccine (OR 3.5; CI 1.5–8.1; p < .01). Among unvaccinated staff (n = 52), 74.5% (n = 38) and 70.0% (n = 35) would receive pertussis vaccine if it were offered free of charge and onsite, respectively. Conclusions for Practice Childcare staff’s and parents’ pertussis vaccine uptake was higher than overall U.S. rates, though significantly lower than the Global Pertussis Initiative target. Implementing an education campaign and providing free vaccine on-site are likely to result in increased vaccine uptake.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Borchardt, S. M., Polyak, G., & Dworkin, M. S. (2007). Parental attitude towards mass antimicrobial prophylaxis during a school-associated pertussis outbreak. Epidemiology and Infection, 135(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268806006480.
Bruce, G. (2007). Paramedic services workplace program improves influenza immunization rates among paramedics. Canadian Journal of Infection Control, 22(3), 156–158 (160–151).
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2011a). Local health department costs associated with response to a school-based pertussis outbreak—Omaha, Nebraska, September–November 2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports, 60(1), 5–9.
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2011b). Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60(1), 13–15.
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2014). Flu vaccination coverage, United States, 2013–14 influenza season. Retrieved September 6, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1314estimates.htm.
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2015). State school immunization requirements and vaccine exemption laws. Retrieved August 24, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/vaccinations.html.
Evans, M. R., & Watson, P. A. (2003). Why do older people not get immunised against influenza? A community survey. Vaccine, 21(19–20), 2421–2427.
Forsyth, K. D., Campins-Marti, M., Caro, J., Cherry, J. D., Greenberg, D., Guiso, N., et al. (2004). New pertussis vaccination strategies beyond infancy: Recommendations by the Global Ppertussis Initiative. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 39(12), 1802–1809. https://doi.org/10.1086/426020.
Hochwald, O., Bamberger, E. S., Rubin, L., Gershtein, R., & Srugo, I. (2010). A pertussis outbreak among daycare children in Northern Israel: Who gets sick? Israeli Medical Association Journal, 12, 283–286.
Hope, K., Butler, M., Massey, P. D., Cashman, P., Durrheim, D. N., Stephenson, J., et al. (2012). Pertussis vaccination in child care workers: Room for improvement in coverage, policy and practice. BMC Pediatriatrics, 12, 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-98.
Hubble, M. W., Zontek, T. L., & Richards, M. E. (2011). Predictors of influenza vaccination among emergency medical services personnel. Prehospital and Emergency Care, 15(2), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2010.541982.
IBM. (2016). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version Version 23. Armonk, NY: IBM.
Kissin, D. M., Power, M. L., Kahn, E. B., Williams, J. L., Jamieson, D. J., MacFarlane, K., et al. (2011). Attitudes and practices of obstetrician-gynecologists regarding influenza vaccination in pregnancy. Obstetetrics and Gynecololgy, 118(5), 1074–1080.
Kolasa, M. S., Chilkatowsky, A. P., Stevenson, J. M., Lutz, J. P., Watson, B. M., Levenson, R., & Rosenthal, J. (2003). Do laws bring children in child care centers up to date on immunizations? Ambulatory Pediatrics, 3(3), 154–157.
Lee, I., Thompson, S., Lautenbach, E., Gasink, L. B., Watson, B., Fishman, N. O., & Linkin, D. R. (2008). Effect of accessibility of influenza vaccination on the rate of childcare staff vaccination. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 29(5), 465–467. https://doi.org/10.1086/587970.
Link-Gelles, R., Chamberlain, A. T., Schulkin, J., Ault, K., Whitney, E., Seib, K., & Omer, S. B. (2012). Missed opportunities: a national survey of obstetricians about attitudes on maternal and infant immunization. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 16(9), 1743–1747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0936-0.
Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35(6), 382–385.
Matthias, J., Pritchard, P. S., Martin, S. W., Dusek, C., Cathey, E., D’Alessio, R., & Kirsch, M. (2016). Sustained transmission of pertussis in vaccinated 1–5 year-old children in a preschool, Florida, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22(2), 242–246. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2202.150325.
Polgreen, P. M., Chen, Y., Beekmann, S. E., Srinivasan, A., Neill, M. A., Gay, T., & Cavanaugh, J. E. (2008). Elements of influenza vaccination programs that predict higher vaccination rates: Results of an emerging infections network survey. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 46(1), 14–19.
R. Core Team. (2012). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. (Ed.) Retrieved from http://www.r-project.org. Accessed 3 Apr 2016.
Rebmann, T., Iqbal, A., Anthony, J., Knaup, R. C., Wright, K. S., & Peters, E. B. (2012a). H1N1 influenza vaccine compliance among hospital- and non-hospital-based healthcare personnel. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 33(7), 737–744. https://doi.org/10.1086/666336.
Rebmann, T., Wright, K. S., Anthony, J., Knaup, R. C., & Peters, E. B. (2012b). Seasonal and H1N1 influenza vaccine compliance and intent to be vaccinated among emergency medical services personnel. American Journal of Infection Control, 40(7), 632–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2011.12.016.
Rebmann, T., Wright, K. S., Anthony, J., Knaup, R. C., & Peters, E. B. (2012c). Seasonal influenza vaccine compliance among hospital-based and nonhospital-based healthcare workers. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 33(3), 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1086/664057.
Schellekens, J., von Konig, C. H., & Gardner, P. (2005). Pertussis sources of infection and routes of transmission in the vaccination era. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal, 24(5 Suppl), S19–S24.
Scherer, N. (2012, September 19). Personal communication. St Louis city and county immunization requirements for child attendees and employees.
Tan, T., Halperin, S., Cherry, J. D., Edwards, K., Englund, J. A., Glezen, P., et al. (2005). Pertussis immunization in the global pertussis initiative North American region: recommended strategies and implementation considerations. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal, 24(5 Suppl), S83-86.
Tuckerman, J., Thomas, N., & Marshall, H. S. (2016). Should professionals caring for children be vaccinated? Community perspectives on health care and child care worker immunisation. Vaccine, 34(14), 1726–1732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.059.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2015). Gender differences in occupational employment. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/home.htm. Accessed 16 May 2016.
Winter, K., Glaser, C., Watt, J., & Harriman, K. (2014). Pertussis epidemic—California, 2014. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Reports, 63(48), 1129–1132.
World Health Organization. (2015). Estimates of disease burden and cost-effectiveness. Retrieved July 25, 2016, from http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/estimates/en/.
Ylitalo, K. R., Lee, H., & Mehta, N. K. (2013). Health care provider recommendation, human papillomavirus vaccination, and race/ethnicity in the U.S. National Immunization Survey. American Jouranl of Public Health, 103(1), 164–169. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300600.
Acknowledgements
This study was funded by a grant from the Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice’s Research Office. The St. Louis County Department of Public Health contributed stamps to aid in data collection. Neither the funding agency nor the Health Department had any role in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation, writing of the report, or decision to publish findings. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The authors wish to thank Philip Gilbertson for his assistance in the study during subject recruitment, data collection, and data cleaning.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rebmann, T., Loux, T.M., Lew, D. et al. Pertussis Vaccination Among Childcare Center Staff, Administrators, and Parents: Uptake, Policies, and Beliefs. Matern Child Health J 22, 166–174 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-017-2388-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-017-2388-7