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Factors Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening of Women During Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery, United States, 2005–2006

Maternal and Child Health Journal volume 18, pages 648–656 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to estimate prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening rates prior to and on admission to labor and delivery (L&D) and to examine factors associated with HIV screening, including hospital policies, with a comparison of HIV and hepatitis B prenatal screening practices and hospital policies. In March 2006, a survey of hospitals (n = 190) and review of paired maternal and infant medical records (n = 4,762) were conducted in 50 US states, DC, and Puerto Rico. Data from the survey and medical record review were analyzed using SAS software v9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). HIV testing before delivery occurred among 3,438 women (73.9 %); African American and Hispanic women were more likely to be tested than white women [aOR 2.22, 95 % CI (1.6–3.1) and aOR 1.55, 95 % CI (1.1–2.2), respectively]. Among women without previous HIV testing, 138 (16.6 %) were tested after admission to labor and delivery. Policies to test women with undocumented HIV status in at delivery were present in 65 (36.3 %) hospitals. HIV testing after admission to L&D was more likely in hospitals with policies to test women with undocumented HIV status [aOR 5.91, 95 % CI (2.0–17.8)]. Overall, policies and screening practices for HIV were consistently less prevalent than those for hepatitis B. Many women are not being routinely screened for HIV before or at delivery. Women with unknown HIV status were more likely to be tested in L&D in hospitals with testing policies.

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Acknowledgments

We extend great appreciation to all delivery hospitals and perinatal hepatitis B coordinators for participating in the survey and record review without which this data would not be available and Pascale Wortley, MD MPH (CDC National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Immunization Services Division, and Respiratory Diseases, Immunization Services Division, Atlanta, GA). Health Research and Evaluation Branch and Immunization Services Division, CDC.

Conflict of interest

None of the authors have a conflict of interest.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Susan A. Wang

    Present address: Global Immunization Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA

Affiliations

  1. Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA

    Allan W. Taylor & Steven R. Nesheim

  2. ICF International, assigned full-time to the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-45, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA

    Lauren F. Fitz Harris

  3. Association of Schools of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA

    Lauren F. Fitz Harris

  4. Health Services Research and Evaluation Branch, Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Fan Zhang, Bayo C. Arthur & Lisa Jacques-Carroll

  5. Quantitative Sciences and Data Management Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Craig B. Borkowf

  6. Prevention Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Susan A. Wang

Authors
  1. Lauren F. Fitz Harris
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  2. Allan W. Taylor
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  3. Fan Zhang
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  5. Bayo C. Arthur
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  6. Lisa Jacques-Carroll
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  7. Susan A. Wang
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  8. Steven R. Nesheim
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lauren F. Fitz Harris.

Additional information

Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Location of study: 50 United States, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

Data presented in part at the 2009 National HIV Prevention Conference, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA August 23–26, 2009. Presented on August 25, 2009.

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Fitz Harris, L.F., Taylor, A.W., Zhang, F. et al. Factors Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening of Women During Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery, United States, 2005–2006. Matern Child Health J 18, 648–656 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1289-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1289-7

Keywords

  • HIV
  • Perinatal
  • Pregnancy
  • Screening