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Biodegradation of Acid Yellow Using Laccase Produced by Bacillus sp. Strain TR and its In-Silico Modeling of the Dye Degradation System

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Abstract

The decolourization of the azo dye (acid yellow) by laccase from Bacillus sp. strain TR under submerged fermentation (SmF) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The laccase maximum yield was achieved at 96 h of SmF with pH 7.0, 1.0 g/L of maltose and 3.0 g/L of ammonium acetate at 37 °C. The enzyme yield was estimated that 570 U/mL. About 76.4% of acid yellow decolourization efficiency was observed by the laccase enzyme within 96 h. The substrate surface changes were observed before and after the laccase treatment was analyzed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and N = N transformation either nitrogen or ammonia was showed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The HPLC analysis explained the formation of various intermediates in the conversion of acid yellow to final products. Further, in silico studies proved the enzyme–substrate interactions and showed a better score of − 27.435 kJ/mol.

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Acknowledgements

This work is partially supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), and the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST-FIST sponsored—Ref. No. SR/FST/College-232/2014). The author Ashraf Y Z Khalifa acknowledges the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Faisal University, for the financial support under Nasher track (Grant No. 186140).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637 501, India

    P. Thiyagarajan, A. Sengottaiyan, K. Selvam, C. Sudhakar & T. Selvankumar

  2. Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Ashraf Y. Z. Khalifa

  3. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    Ashraf Y. Z. Khalifa

  4. Center for Research and Development, Mahendra Engineering College, Mallasamudram, Namakkal District, 637 503, India

    V. Aroulmoji

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  1. P. Thiyagarajan
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Thiyagarajan, P., Sengottaiyan, A., Selvam, K. et al. Biodegradation of Acid Yellow Using Laccase Produced by Bacillus sp. Strain TR and its In-Silico Modeling of the Dye Degradation System. Int J Pept Res Ther 26, 2067–2076 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-019-10005-6

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