Abstract
The study’s main aim was to explore the role of Facebook class groups, created and managed by high-school students, in facilitating social dynamics and learning experiences. Fourteen Facebook class groups were observed online and students were subsequently questioned through focus-group interviews. Our findings show that Facebook class groups can promote both bonding and learning. Bonding can be enhanced because Facebook class groups foster a sense of solidarity and unity among students. Also, Facebook can stimulate (social) learning because students gain more insights in the subject matter and are challenged to carry out an evaluation of their own study methods and progress. Therefore, drawing on the theories of seamless learning and affinity spaces, we conclude that Facebook class groups are important for social affiliation and effective learning.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Aaen, J., & Dalsgaard, C. (2016). Student Facebook groups as a third space: Between social life and schoolwork. Learning, Media and Technology,41(1), 160–186.
Aboudan, R. (2009). Laugh and learn: Humor and learning a second language. International Journal of Arts and Sciences,3(3), 90–99.
Armstrong, J., & Franklin, T. (2008). A review of current and developing international practice in the use of social networking (Web 2.0) in higher education. York: St John University.
Bolliger, D. U., & Inan, F. A. (2012). Development and validation of the online student connectedness survey (OSCS). The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning,13(3), 41–65.
Bosch, T. E. (2009). Using online social networking for teaching and learning: Facebook use at the University of Cape Town. South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research,35(2), 185–200.
Bowers-Campbell, J. (2008). Cyber pokes: Motivational antidote for developmental college readers. Journal of College Reading and Learning,39(1), 74–87.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology,3(2), 77–101.
Chen, B., & Bryer, T. (2012). Investigating instructional strategies for using social media in formal and informal learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning,13(1), 87–104.
Cheung, C. M. K., Chiu, P.-Y., & Lee, M. K. O. (2010). Online social networks: Why do students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior,27, 1337–1343.
Commission of the European Communities. (2001). Communication from the European commission: Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate-general for Education and Culture and Directorate-general for Employment and Social Affairs.
Crook, C. (2008). Web 2.0 technologies for learning: The current landscape—opportunities, challenges and tensions. Becta Research reports.
Dalsgaard, C. (2016). Students’ educational use of Facebook groups. Educational Media International,53(4), 261–273.
Deutsch, M. (1949). A theory of cooperation and competition. Human Relations,2, 129–152.
Dwyer, K. K., Bing, S. G., Carlson, R. E., Prisbell, M., Cruz, A. M., & Fus, D. A. (2001). Communication and connectedness in the classroom: Development of the connected classroom climate inventory. Communication Research Reports,21(3), 264–272.
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication strategies. New Media & Society, 13(6), 873–892.
Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. New York: Palgrave/Macmillan.
Gee, J. P. (2005). Semiotic social spaces and affinity spaces: From the age of mythology to today’s schools. In D. Barton & K. Tusting (Eds.), Beyond communities of practice: Language, power, and social context (pp. 214–233). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ghaith, G. (2003). The relationship between forms of instruction, achievement and perceptions of classroom climate. Educational Research,45(1), 83–93.
Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in sociological field observation. Social Forces,36, 217–223.
Greenhow, C. (2011). Online social networks and learning. On the horizon,19(1), 4–12.
Grieve, R., Indian, M., Witteveen, K., Tolan, G. A., & Marrington, J. (2013). Face-to-face or Facebook: Can social connectedness be derived online? Computers in Human Behavior,29, 604–609.
Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography: Principles in practice (3rd ed.). London: Routledge.
Hew, K. F. (2011). Students’ and teachers’ use of Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior,27, 662–676.
Heyman, R. (2015). Facebook & users: Who is using whom? A material semiotic approach to the irreversibilisation of Facebook as a case of lifeworld colonisation by social media (Doctoral dissertation). Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
Jiménez Guamán, L. V. (2012). EFL Teenagers’ social identity representation in a virtual learning community on Facebook. Profile,14(2), 181–194.
Jonassen, D. H. (1991). Evaluating constructivist learning. Educational Technology,28(11), 13–16.
Lampe, C., Whon, D. Y., Vitak, J., Ellison, N. B., & Wash, R. (2011). Student use of Facebook for organizing collaborative classroom activities. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning,6, 329–347.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1998). The relationship between social connectedness and axiety, self-esteem, and social identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(3), 338–345.
Lewin, K. (1943). Psychology and the process of group living. Journal of Social Psychology,17, 113–131.
Lewin, K. (1948). Resolving social conflict. New York: Harper.
Lin, Q. (2011). The role of web-based activities in mediating student interaction and engagement in four teacher education classes. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching,7(1), 99–107.
Lomax, R. G., & Moosavi, S. A. (1998). Using humor to teach statistics; Must they be orthogonal? Understanding Statistics: Statistical Issues in Psychology, Education, and the Social Sciences,1(2), 113–130.
Ma, G. (2006). Online learning community in the context of distance education: A case study. Dissertation, Department of Instructional Systems Technology, Indiana University.
Madge, C., Meek, J., Wellens, J., & Hooley, T. (2009). Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university: ‘It is more for socialising and talking to friends about work than for actually doing work’. Learning, Media and Technology,34(2), 141–155.
Manca, S., & Ranieri, M. (2013). Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment. Journal of Computer Assisted learning,29(6), 487–504.
Manca, S., & Ranieri, M. (2014). Does Facebook provide educational value? An overview of theoretical and empirical advancements of affordances and critical issues. In G. Mallia (Ed.), The social classroom: Integrating social network use in education (pp. 312–338). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Marsick, V. J., & Watkins, K. (1990). Informal and incidental learning in the workplace. London, New York: Routledge.
Marsick, V. J., & Watkins, K. E. (2001). Informal and incidental learning. New Directions for Adult and Continued Education, 89, 25–34.
McNeely, C., & Falci, C. D. (2004). School connectedness and the transition into and out of health-risk behaviour among adolescents: A comparison of social belonging and teacher support. Journal of School Health,74(7), 284–292.
Mediaraven, & LINC. (2016). Onderzoeksrapport Apestaartjaren 6. Belgium.
Meishar-Tal, H., Kurtz, G., & Pieterse, E. (2012). Facebook groups as LMS: A case study. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning,13(4), 33–48.
National School Boards Association. (2007). Creating & connecting: Research and guidelines on online social- and educational-networking. Retrieved June 3, 2018, from http://www.webcitation.org/5aGqKNY66.
Powell, J. P. A. (1985). Humor and teaching in higher education. Studies in Higher Education,10(1), 79–90.
Provine, R. (2002). The science of laughter. Psychology Today,33(6), 58–62.
Pugsley, L. (1996). Focus groups, young people and sex education. In J. Pilcher & A. Coffey (Eds.), Gender and qualitative research (pp. 114–130). Aldershot: Avebury.
Ranieri, M., Manca, S., & Fini, A. (2012). Why (and how) do teachers engage in social networks? An exploratory study if professional use of Facebook and its implications for lifelong learning. British Journal of Educational Technology,43(5), 754–769.
Rap, S., & Blonder, R. (2016). Let’s Face(book) it: Analyzing interactions in social network groups for chemistry learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology,25, 62–76.
RodrÃguez-Hoyos, C., Salmón, I. H., & Fernández-DÃaz, E. (2015). Research on SNS and education: The state of the art and its challenges. Australian Journal of Educational technology,31(1), 100–111.
Sarason, I., Levine, H., Bashman, R., & Linder, K. (1983). Assessing social support: The social support questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,44, 127–144.
Selwyn, N. (2009). Faceworking: Exploring students’ education-related use of Facebook. Learning, Media and Technology,34(2), 157–174.
Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning,2(1), 3–10.
Siemens, G., & Weller, M. (2011). The impact of social networks on teaching and learning. [online monograph]. Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento (RUSC),8(1), 164–170.
Tsovaltzi, D., Judele, R., Puhl, T., Weinberger, A., Asterhan, C., Hever, R., et al. (2014). When friends argue: Investigating argumentative learning processes in facebook. Proceedings of International Conference of the Learning Sciences, ICLS,3, 1342–1351.
Valcke, M. (2007). Onderwijskunde als ontwerpwetenschap: Een inleiding voor ontwikkelaars van instructie en voor toekomstige leerkrachten. Ghent: Academia Press.
Vlieghe, J., Muls, J., & Rutten, K. (2015). Everybody reads: Reader engagement with literature in social media environments. Poetics,54, 25–37.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
Weber, K., Maher, C., Powell, A., & Lee, H. (2008). Learning opportunities from group discussions: Warrants become the objects of debate. Educational Studies in Mathematics,68, 247–261.
Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Wong, L. H., & Looi, C. K. (2011). What seams do we remove in mobile-assisted seamless learning? A critical review of the literature. Computers & Education,57(4), 2364–2381.
Wong, L. H., Milrad, M., & Specht, M. (2015). Seamless learning in the age of mobile connectivity. Singapore: Springer.
Yu, A. Y., Tian, S. W., Vogel, D., & Chi-Wai Kwok, R. (2010). Can learning be virtually boosted? An investigation of online social networking impacts. Computers & Education,55, 1494–1503.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Muls, J., De Backer, F., Thomas, V. et al. Facebook class groups of high school students: their role in establishing social dynamics and learning experiences. Learning Environ Res 23, 235–250 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-019-09298-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-019-09298-7