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Linking macrodetritivore distribution to desiccation resistance in small forest fragments embedded in agricultural landscapes in Europe

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Abstract

Purpose

Most of the agricultural landscape in Europe, and elsewhere, consists of mosaics with scattered fragments of semi-natural habitat like small forest fragments. Mutual interactions between forest fragments and agricultural areas influence ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, a process strongly mediated by the macrodetritivore community, which is however, poorly studied. We investigated macrodetritivore distribution patterns at local and landscape-level and used a key functional trait (desiccation resistance) to gain mechanistic insights of the putative drivers.

Methods

Macrodetritivores were sampled in forest edges-centres of 224 European forest fragments across 14 landscapes opposing in land use intensity. We used a multilevel analysis of variance to assess the relative contribution of different spatial scales in explaining activity-density and Shannon-diversity of woodlice and millipedes, together with a model-based analysis of the multivariate activity-density data testing the effect on species composition. Secondly, we tested if desiccation resistance of macrodetritivores varied across communities at different spatial scales using linear mixed effect models.

Results

Forest edge-centre and landscape use intensity determined activity-density and community composition of macrodetritivores in forest fragments, while fragment characteristics like size and continuity were relatively unimportant. Forest edges and higher intensity landscapes supported higher activity-density of macrodetritivores and determined species composition. Forest edges sustained woodlouse communities dominated by more drought tolerant species.

Conclusions

Landscape use intensity and forest edges are main drivers in macrodetritivore distribution in forest fragments with desiccation resistance a good predictor of macrodetritivore distribution. Key functional traits can help us to predict changes in community structure in changing landscapes.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the ERA-Net BiodivERsA project smallFOREST, with the national funders ANR (France), MINECO (Spain), FORMAS (Sweden), ETAG (Estonia), DFG (Germany), BELSPO (Belgium) and DFG (Germany) part of the 2011 BiodivERsA call for research proposals. P.D.S. and W.P. each hold a doctoral fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). The research of K.V. is supported by the ERC Consolidator Grant 614839—PASTFORWARD. D.B. and L.B. are supported by the FWO research network EVENET. Many thanks to Gert Arijs, Kent Hansson, Marco Langer, Vincent Le Roux, Jessica Lindgren, Matthias Reiche, Sabine Sigfridsson and Rieneke Vanhulle for help during field sampling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium

    Pallieter De Smedt, Lander Baeten, Willem Proesmans & Kris Verheyen

  2. Department of Ecological Science/Animal Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Matty P. Berg & Astra Ooms

  3. Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Matty P. Berg

  4. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Box 49, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden

    Jörg Brunet

  5. Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden

    Sara A. O. Cousins

  6. Jules Verne University of Picardie, UR Ecologie Et Dynamique Des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS), 1 Rue Des Louvels, 80037, Amiens Cedex 1, France

    Guillaume Decocq, Emilie Gallet-Moron, Ludmilla Martin & Alicia Valdés

  7. UMR 1201 Dynafor, Inra, Chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France

    Marc Deconchat

  8. Institute of Ecology, FB02, University of Bremen, Leobener Str, D-28359, Bremen, Germany

    Martin Diekmann

  9. Bordeaux Sciences Agro, University of Bordeaux, 1 Cours Du Général de Gaulle, 33170, Gradignan, France

    Brice Giffard

  10. Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia

    Jaan Liira

  11. Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20 A, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden

    Alicia Valdés

  12. Institute of Land Use Systems, Leibniz-ZALF (E.V.), Eberswalder Strasse 84, D-15374, Müncheberg, Germany

    Monika Wulf

  13. Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001, Louvain, Belgium

    Martin Hermy

  14. Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Dept. Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Dries Bonte

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  1. Pallieter De Smedt
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  2. Lander Baeten
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  18. Dries Bonte
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  19. Kris Verheyen
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Correspondence to Pallieter De Smedt.

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All data is available in the smallFOREST geodatabase. Access to this database can be achieved after contacting the smallFOREST geodatabase management committee (http://www.u-picardie.fr/smallforest/uk/).

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De Smedt, P., Baeten, L., Proesmans, W. et al. Linking macrodetritivore distribution to desiccation resistance in small forest fragments embedded in agricultural landscapes in Europe. Landscape Ecol 33, 407–421 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-017-0607-7

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