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Toward accounting for ecoclimate teleconnections: intra- and inter-continental consequences of altered energy balance after vegetation change

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Abstract

Context

Vegetation is projected to continue to undergo major structural changes in coming decades due to land conversion and climate change, including widespread forest die-offs. These vegetation changes are important not only for their local or regional climatic effects, but also because they can affect climate and subsequently vegetation in other regions or continents through “ecoclimate teleconnections”.

Objectives

We propose that ecoclimate teleconnections are a fundamental link among regions within and across continents, and are central to advancing large-scale macrosystems ecology.

Methods and results

We illustrate potential ecoclimate teleconnections in a bounding simulation that assumes complete tree cover loss in western North America due to tree die-off, and which predicts subsequent drying and reduced net primary productivity in other areas of North America, the Amazon and elsewhere. Central to accurately modeling such ecoclimate teleconnections is characterizing how vegetation change alters albedo and other components of the land-surface energy balance and then scales up to impact the climate system. We introduce a framework for rapid field-based characterization of vegetation structure and energy balance to help address this challenge.

Conclusions

Ecoclimate teleconnections are likely a fundamental aspect of macrosystems ecology needed to account for alterations to large-scale atmospheric-ecological couplings in response to vegetation change, including deforestation, afforestation and die-off.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported primarily through NSF EF-1340624, EF-1340649 & EF-1340604; additional support provided by Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station; Estrategia de Sostenibilidad 2014–2015 Universidad de Antioquia; PPBio-CENBAM; L.E.O.C.A. acknowledges the support of the CNPq Fellowship and FAPESP (Grant 2013/50533-5). L.S.B acknowledges the support of the FAPESP (Grant 2013/50531-2). We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of anonymous reviewers to improving the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Scott C. Stark & David M. Minor

  2. School of Natural Resources and the Environment and joint with Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    David D. Breshears

  3. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Elizabeth S. Garcia

  4. School of Natural Resources and the Environment, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Darin J. Law

  5. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Scott R. Saleska

  6. Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Abigail L. S. Swann

  7. GIGA Group, School of Environment, University of Antioquia, Apartado Aéreo 1226, Medellín, Colombia

    Juan Camilo Villegas

  8. School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Juan Camilo Villegas

  9. Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil

    Luiz E. O. C. Aragão

  10. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

    Luiz E. O. C. Aragão

  11. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK, 99669, USA

    Elizabeth M. Bella & John M. Morton

  12. Centre for Earth System Science, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil

    Laura S. Borma

  13. Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA

    Neil S. Cobb

  14. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Marcy E. Litvak

  15. National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil

    William E. Magnusson

  16. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA

    Miranda D. Redmond

  17. AECOM, Anchorage, AK, 99501, USA

    Elizabeth M. Bella

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  1. Scott C. Stark
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  2. David D. Breshears
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  4. Darin J. Law
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  5. David M. Minor
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  6. Scott R. Saleska
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  7. Abigail L. S. Swann
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  8. Juan Camilo Villegas
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  9. Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
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  10. Elizabeth M. Bella
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  11. Laura S. Borma
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  12. Neil S. Cobb
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  13. Marcy E. Litvak
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Scott C. Stark.

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Guest Editors: S. Fei, Q. Guo, and K. Potter.

Special issue: Macrosystems ecology: Novel methods and new understanding of multi-scale patterns and processes.

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Stark, S.C., Breshears, D.D., Garcia, E.S. et al. Toward accounting for ecoclimate teleconnections: intra- and inter-continental consequences of altered energy balance after vegetation change. Landscape Ecol 31, 181–194 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0282-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0282-5

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