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TGF-β isoforms inhibit IGF-1-induced migration and regulate terminal differentiation in a cell-specific manner

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Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Following muscle injury, the damaged tissue and influx of inflammatory cells stimulate the secretion of growth factors and cytokines to initiate repair processes. This release of chemotactic signaling factors activates resident precursor cells and stimulates their mobilization and migration to the site of injury where terminal differentiation can occur. The three transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are among the known regulatory factors released following muscle damage. We investigated the effect of recombinant active TGF-β1, -β2, -β3 and IGF-1 on C2C12 skeletal muscle satellite cell and P19 embryonal carcinoma cell terminal differentiation and migration. C2C12 myoblast fusion as well as P19 embryoid body formation and myogenic differentiation was assessed following 72 h TGF-β treatment (5 ng/ml), whereas the effect of the TGF-β isoforms on migration was determined following 7 h incubation. Our results showed that TGF-β decreases C2C12 myoblast fusion in an isoform-independent manner, whereas in the P19 cell lineage, results demonstrate that TGF-β1 specifically and significantly increased P19 embryoid body formation, but not expression of Connexin-43 or Myosin Heavy Chain. IGF-1 significantly increased migration compared to TGF-β isoforms, which, on their own, had no significant effect on the mobilization of either C2C12 or P19 cells. TGF-β isoforms decreased IGF-1-induced migration of both cell lineages. By distinguishing the factors involved in, and the molecular signals required for, myoblast recruitment during repair processes, strategies can be developed towards improved cell-mediated therapies for muscle injury.

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Acknowledgments

The work was supported by the South African National Research Foundation, South African Medical Research Council, the University of Stellenbosch and the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The A4-1025 Myosin Heavy Chain antibody was obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank developed under the auspices of the NICHD and maintained by The University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa City, IA 52242.

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Author notes

  1. Elske J. Schabort

    Present address: UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa

  2. Mathilde van der Merwe

    Present address: Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

    Elske J. Schabort & Mathilde van der Merwe

  2. Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa

    Carola U. Niesler

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  1. Elske J. Schabort
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Correspondence to Carola U. Niesler.

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Schabort, E.J., van der Merwe, M. & Niesler, C.U. TGF-β isoforms inhibit IGF-1-induced migration and regulate terminal differentiation in a cell-specific manner. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 31, 359–367 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-011-9241-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-011-9241-1

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