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Encapsulation and functionalization strategies of organic phase change materials in medical applications

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Abstract

Temperature control system based on organic phase change materials (PCMs) has attracted tremendous attention in medical applications owing to the obvious advantages of large heat storage, accurate temperature controlling, ease of modification, etc. In order to fully utilize the advantages of organic PCMs for better application in biomedicine, it is often necessary to encapsulate PCMs to improve their shortcomings (such as instability in form, biosafety, biocompatibility, etc.). Encapsulation techniques of PCMs can achieve the leakage free to enhance the biocompatibility and form stability. In addition, in order to be suitable for different biomedical application scenarios, more functionality needs to be given to PCM microcapsule by using modification, chemical grafting, and polymerization methods. However, in the field of biomedicine, the current researches on the biocompatibility and functional design of organic PCMs in the encapsulation process are relatively fragmented. For the reason, this review systematically summarizes the encapsulation strategies of organic PCMs including core–shell encapsulation, physical adsorption, 3D structure, and covalent bonding. Moreover, the biocompatibility and functionalization design concepts of form-stable organic PCMs are discussed in detail for improving therapeutic effect. In addition, the applications in terms of medical field (e.g., medical textiles, drug delivery, cold chain transportation of pharmaceutical preparation, medical device) are thoroughly presented based on detailed investigations. This review will provide profound insights into the encapsulation and functionalization strategies of form-stable organic PCMs and their medical applications.

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Abbreviations

AuNC:

Gold nanocages

ASP:

Aspirin

BDO:

1,4-Butanediol

BN:

Boron nitride

CA:

Capric acid

CE6:

Chlorin e6

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

COVID-19:

Corona Virus Disease 2019

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DOX:

Doxorubicin

DSPE-PEG5000:

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoe-thanolamine-N-[methoxy(poly(ethylene glycol))-5000]

DSPE-PEG2000:

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoe-thanolamine-N-[methoxy(poly(ethylene glycol))-2000]

EG:

Expanded graphite

EXP:

Expanded perlite

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

GO:

Graphene oxide

GelMA:

Methacrylate gelatin

HD:

Hexadecane

H-CuS NPs:

Hollow-structured mesoporous copper sulfide nanoparticles

HMPBs:

Prussian blue nanoparticles

H-CuS@PCM/DOX/CE6:

Hollow-structured mesoporous copper sulfide@Phase change material/Doxorubicin/Chlorin e6

LA:

Lauric acid

MDI:

4,4′-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate

MicroPCMs:

Microencapsulated PCMs

NIR:

Near-infrared

NPS:

Nanoparticles

NPs@BOD/CPT:

Nanoparticles@Boron-dipyrromethene dye/Camptothecin-11

PAA:

Polyacrylic acid

PB:

Prussian blue

PCM:

Phase change material

PC3D:

Semi-interpenetrating network structure composed of 3D network

PDA:

Polydopamine

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PMMA:

Polymethyl methacrylate

PS:

Polystyrene

PSEA:

Polystyrene ethyl acetate

PCM-CC:

PCM cooling clothing

PCM@HMPBs:

Phase change material@Prussian blue nanoparticles

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SMA:

Styrene and maleic anhydride monomers

TD:

Tetradecane

TE:

Thermoelectric

TES:

Thermal energy storage

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

TG:

Thermal gravity

UV:

Ultraviolet

T m :

Phase change temperature

3D:

Three-dimensional

ΔH m :

Enthalpy

λ :

Thermal conductivity

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51902068) and the assistance provided by Ms. Le Tkhu Chang in responding to the reviewers' comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China

    Qian Zhang, Jiawei Li, Qingdi Qu & Shuang Pan

  2. Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, No. 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China

    Qian Zhang, Jiawei Li, Qingdi Qu & Shuang Pan

  3. School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China

    Kunyang Yu, Yunshi Pan & Yushi Liu

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  1. Qian Zhang
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Contributions

QZ, SP, and YL contributed to conceptualization; QZ, KY, JL, and QQ performed formal analysis and investigation; QZ and YP performed writing—original draft preparation; SP and YL performed writing—review and editing, and supervision.

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Correspondence to Shuang Pan or Yushi Liu.

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Zhang, Q., Yu, K., Pan, Y. et al. Encapsulation and functionalization strategies of organic phase change materials in medical applications. J Therm Anal Calorim (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12999-8

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