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Minimum ignition temperature of gas–liquid two-phase cloud

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Abstract

In the dispersing process of liquid fuel or metal powder under the explosion load of a high explosive, the explosion product of central high-energy explosive expands. Flow of the explosion product with high temperature is coupled with the dispersing of fuel driven by the explosion load. When concentration of the dispersing fuel cloud and the current temperature meet critical condition for igniting the cloud, the fuel cloud will be ignited. If the dispersing fuel is ignited by the high temperature of the explosion product, the fuel cloud will burn, and the pre-designed detonation energy output cannot be achieved. Therefore, avoiding the ignition phenomenon in the process of fuel dispersion is an important issue in effective utilization of multi-phase cloud explosion energy. The minimum ignition temperature (MIT) of gas–liquid two-phase cloud is the basis for avoiding the dispersing fuel to be ignited under explosion load of a high explosive. In this study, the MITs of gas–liquid two-phase cloud of ethanol, octane, nitromethane, and isopropyl nitrate were measured. The MIT of gas–liquid two-phase cloud is a function of ignition temperature (IT) of vapor and atomization parameters of liquid fuel. The MIT of gas–liquid two-phase cloud of a liquid fuel is higher than IT of vapor of the liquid fuel. The MIT of gas–liquid two-phase cloud decreases with the decrease in droplet characteristic sizes. The prediction model of MIT of gas–liquid two-phase cloud of liquid fuel (MIT = 507 + 0.15 \(\beta^{0.8} T_{{\text{i}}}\)) has been established in this study. If the ignition temperature of vapor of a liquid fuel and the atomization characteristic parameters of the liquid fuel are known, the MIT of gas–liquid two-phase cloud of the liquid fuel cloud be determined. The measured MITs of gas–liquid two-phase cloud for octane (C8H18), ethanol (C2H6O), nitromethane (CH3NO2), and isopropyl nitrate (C3H7NO3) are 616 K, 737 K, 692 K, and 671 K, respectively. The MITs of gas–liquid two-phase cloud predicted using the model in this study for the four liquid fuels are 621 K, 740 K, 690 K, and 663 K, respectively. The relative error of the predicted MITs is less than 3.5%.

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Acknowledgements

The research presented in this paper was supported by State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting and Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University (No. PBSKL2022A02). Thanks to Mr. Cuyan Sun and Mr. Hang Sun for participating in part of the experiment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China

    Yongsheng Jia

  2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China

    Yongsheng Jia

  3. State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Qi Zhang

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  1. Yongsheng Jia
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YJ contributed to writing—original draft. QZ helped in conceptualization and methodology.

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Correspondence to Qi Zhang.

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Jia, Y., Zhang, Q. Minimum ignition temperature of gas–liquid two-phase cloud. J Therm Anal Calorim 149, 3819–3831 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12990-3

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