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A computational note on thermal attributes of engine oil with titanium alloy and zinc oxide hybrid nanoparticles flowing over a stretching surface about a stagnation point

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Abstract

In this research article, we intend to perform a numerical investigation of the thermal features of MHD Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow over a linearly stretching surface with viscous dissipation and nonlinear thermal radiation effects. An external magnetic field exists in the vicinity of stagnation point along with the creation of induced magnetic field due conducting fluid. A thin film of viscous and incompressible base fluid, engine oil \((EO)\), encumbered with titanium alloy \((Ti_{6} Al_{4} V)\) and zinc oxide \((ZnO)\) nanoparticles is examined taking pure nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid cases simultaneously in a single frame in Cartesian coordinates. The governing equations are first transformed to ordinary differential equations employing similarity transformations and then simulated by successive over-relaxation method. Approximate solutions are assessed through graphs for velocity, temperature and induced magnetism corresponding to the prominent parameters. A significant improvement in wear resistance, lubrication and thermal features of the engine oil has been observed due to titanium alloy and zinc oxide hybrid nanocomposite.

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Abbreviations

\(A_{1}\) :

First Rivlin–Erickson vector

\(\mu_{\text{hnf}}\) :

Hybrid nanofluid viscosity \(({{kg}}\, {{ms}}^{-1})\)

\(k_{\text{hnf}}\) :

Thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluid \((W \, m^{ - 1} {\text{ k}}^{ - 1} )\)

\(\rho_{\text{hnf}}\) :

Hybrid nanofluid density \(\text{kg}\, \text{ms}^{-3}\)

\(c_{\text{p}}\) :

Specific heat at constant pressure \((J \, mol^{ - 1} {\text{ k}}^{ - 1} )\)

\(\sigma_{\text{hnf}}\) :

Electrical conductivity of hybrid nanofluid (\({\text{S}}\, {\text{m}}^{-1}\))

\(b\) :

Stretching rate

\(\theta\) :

Dimensionless temperature

\(B_{0}\) :

Magnetic field strength \((kg \, s^{ - 2} \, A^{ - 1} )\)

\(\theta_{\text{w}}\) :

Temperature ratio parameter

\(k\) :

Thermal conductivity \((W \, m^{ - 1} {\text{ k}}^{ - 1} )\)

\(\omega\) :

Relaxation parameter

\(Nr\) :

Thermal radiation parameter

\(\eta_{0}\) :

Magnetic diffusivity

\(T\) :

Fluid temperature (\(k\))

\(\beta\) :

Induced magnetic field

\(T_{\text{w}}\) :

Temperature at the surface (\(k\))

\(\lambda_{0}\) :

Reciprocal magnetic Prandtl number

\(T_{\infty }\) :

Temperature far off the surface (\(k\))

\(\phi_{1}\) :

Concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles

\(Pr\) :

Prandtl number

\(\phi_{2}\) :

Concentration of titanium alloy nanoparticles

\(Re_{\text{x}}\) :

Local Reynolds number

\(\mu_{\text{e}}\) :

Magnetic permeability

\(Ec\) :

Eckert number

\(\mu_{0}\) :

Limiting viscosity at zero shear rate

\(We\) :

Weissenberg number

\(\mu_{\infty }\) :

Limiting viscosity at infinite shear rate

\(H_{1}\) :

\(x -\) Component of induced magnetic field

\(\Gamma\) :

Time constant

\(H_{2}\) :

\(y -\) Component of induced magnetic field

\(\varepsilon\) :

Stretching ratio

\(H_{0}\) :

Strength of uniform induced magnetic field

\(\tau_{\text{w}}\) :

Wall share stress

\(Ti_{6} Al_{4} V\) :

Titanium alloy

\(ZnO\) :

Zinc oxide

\(EO\) :

Engine oil

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan

    Aftab Ahmed Faridi & Nargis Khan

  2. Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan, 60000, Pakistan

    Kashif Ali

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  1. Aftab Ahmed Faridi
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Correspondence to Aftab Ahmed Faridi.

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Faridi, A.A., Khan, N. & Ali, K. A computational note on thermal attributes of engine oil with titanium alloy and zinc oxide hybrid nanoparticles flowing over a stretching surface about a stagnation point. J Therm Anal Calorim 149, 3833–3849 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12981-4

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