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Experimental investigation for heat transfer performance of CuO-water nanofluid in a double pipe heat exchanger

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Abstract

In recent scenario world is facing the problem of energy consumption. Researchers are keen on developing less energy consuming devices; in this regard, heat transfer using nanofluid has got the attention of current researchers for application in heat exchangers. In present study, an experiment was performed on double pipe heat exchanger using CuO-water nanofluids and sodium lauryl sulphate as the surfactant to examine the thermal performance factor (TPF) and pressure drop. The studies were conducted for a single phase fully developed flow with volume fractions of 0.005%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.07% in the turbulent range between Reynolds numbers 5500 and 15,000. Along with thermal conductivity, Brownian motion and thickness of interfacial layer are also responsible for heat transfer enhancement in heat exchangers. For a volume fraction of 0.07% at Reynolds number 5500, the maximum enhancement in Nusselt number was observed 67.9% with the penalty of 189.47% increase in friction factor. The highest TPF recorded during the experiment is 1.18 for a volume fraction of 0.07% at 5500 Reynolds number. In present study a novel correlation was also developed for Nusselt number and friction factor. For better understanding the characterization of CuO nanoparticle, XRD, FeSEM, and EDS testing were conducted in the laboratory.

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Abbreviations

A:

Surface area (mm2)

C:

Specific heat (kJ kg−1K−1)

d:

Pipe diameter (mm)

\({\text{f}}\) :

Friction factor

h:

Convectional heat transfer coefficient (W m − 2K−1)

k:

Thermal conductivity (W mK−1)

L:

Length of the test section (mm)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Flow rate (kg s−1)

Nu:

Nusselt number

P:

Pressure (Pa)

Pr:

Prandtl number

Q:

Rate of heat transfer (kJ s−1)

Re:

Reynolds number

T:

Temperature (K)

U:

Overall heat transfer coefficient (W m−2K−1)

u:

Flow velocity (m s−1)

W:

Mass (N)

ϕ:

Volume fraction

ρ:

Mass density (kg m−3)

µ:

Dynamic viscosity (N-s m−2)

Ɵ:

Angle (°)

β:

Width of diffraction band (radian)

λ:

Wavelength (nm)

ɳ:

Thermal performance factor

ave:

Average

b:

Bulk

bƒ:

Base fluid

c:

Cold fluid

i:

Inlet

h:

Hot fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

np:

Nanoparticle

o:

Outlet

w:

Wall

LMTD:

Logarithmic mean temperature difference

Al2O3 :

Aluminium oxide

CuO:

Copper oxide

DPHE:

Double pipe heat exchanger

LPH:

Litre per hour

POP:

Plaster of Paris

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

SiO2 :

Silicon oxide

TPF:

Thermal performance factor

VF:

Volume fraction

ZnO:

Zinc oxide

NPs:

Nanoparticles

NFs:

Nanofluids

PT:

Plain tube

TT:

Twisted tape

HEs:

Heat exchangers

HTR:

Heat transfer rate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462003, India

    Brajesh Kumar Ahirwar & Arvind Kumar

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  1. Brajesh Kumar Ahirwar
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  2. Arvind Kumar
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Contributions

BKA is Ph.D. research in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India, 462,003. He is currently working on the application of nanofluids in the field of heat transfer like heat exchangers. AK has more than 15 years of experience of providing knowledge resource to students and expertise in participatory and innovative learning methodologies. He has done his Ph.D. from Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, 462,003 and presently working as an Assistant Professor at Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal. His area of research is heat transfer-related application. He has published more than 30 research paper in the various reputed and peer reviewed International/National Journals and Conferences. He has attended and acted as resource person in various Faculty Development Program and Short-Term Training Program. Author is also a member of professional societies like ISHMT and ASME.

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Correspondence to Brajesh Kumar Ahirwar.

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Ahirwar, B.K., Kumar, A. Experimental investigation for heat transfer performance of CuO-water nanofluid in a double pipe heat exchanger. J Therm Anal Calorim 149, 4133–4151 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12947-6

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