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Preparation and characterization of surfactant-free CNT based nanofluid in EG/water (60:40 ratio) basefluid for refrigerant application

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Abstract

This study aims to prepare a surfactant-free, stable CNT nanofluid to be used as secondary refrigerant. Antifreeze having EG/water was chosen as a basefluid. The nanofluid was prepared by two different methods. Firstly, the nanofluid was prepared by dispersing CNT in EG/water mixture named as CNT (EG/water) nanofluid. In the second method, CNT was dispersed in EG followed by addition of water named as (CNT-EG)/water nanofluid. Sonication time study revealed 4.30 h and 80 min as optimum sonication time for preparation of CNT (EG/water) and (CNT-EG)/water nanofluid, respectively. (CNT-EG)/water nanofluid was more stable (145 days) as compared to CNT (EG/water) nanofluid (130 days). It was found by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy that in (CNT-EG)/water nanofluid, EG interacts with CNT through trans conformation that results in higher interaction and better stabilization. As the concentration increases, thermal conductivity increases in both the nanofluids in comparison to basefluid. However, higher enhancement was observed in case of (CNT-EG)/water nanofluid. Viscosity augmentation is higher in CNT (EG/water) (19%) as compared to (CNT-EG)/water (15%) nanofluid at shear rate 100 s−1. Thus, preparing (CNT-EG)/water nanofluid by dispersing CNT in EG followed by addition of water is an economical and time saving method for producing stable nanofluid instead of dispersing CNT directly into mixture of EG/water.

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Abbreviations

EG:

Ethylene glycol

ρ(nf) :

Density of nanofluid (Kg m−3)

Φ:

Amount of CNT (V%)

ρ(bf) :

Density of basefluid (Kg m−3)

M(nf) :

Mass of nanofluid (kg)

M(bf) :

Mass of basefluid (Kg)

V(nf) :

Volume of nanofluid (m3)

t1 :

Sonication time before adding water (min)

t2 :

Sonication time after adding water (min)

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Acknowledgements

This study is financially supported by GGSIP University, New Delhi, India, under FRGS

Funding

FRGS,2022/1223/4,SHIPRA MITAL GUPTA

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USBAS, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India

    Priyanka Yadav & Shipra Mital Gupta

  2. USCT, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India

    S. K. Sharma

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  1. Priyanka Yadav
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Yadav, P., Gupta, S.M. & Sharma, S.K. Preparation and characterization of surfactant-free CNT based nanofluid in EG/water (60:40 ratio) basefluid for refrigerant application. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 10037–10050 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12376-x

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