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Novel use of CuO nanoparticles additive for improving thermal conductivity of MgO/water and MWCNT/water nanofluids

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Abstract

The present work aims to emphasize the improvement in thermal conductivity of magnesium oxide (MgO)/water and Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/water by adding copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The nanofluids were prepared on volume basis by two-step approach. Initially, two different nanofluids such as 1% MgO + 99% water and 1% MWCNT + 99% water were prepared by ultra-sonication, and the thermal conductivity of chosen fluid samples was measured experimentally by KD2 pro instrument. The Nusselt number, Reynolds number, Graetz number and heat transfer coefficient were examined at two different temperatures such as 30 °C and 40 °C. Again 1% CuO nanoparticle was mixed in above samples and two different hybrid nanofluids such as 1% CuO + 1% MgO + 98% water and 1% CuO + 1% MWCNT + 98% water were prepared. The addition of CuO in MgO/water resulted in 11.3% increase in thermal conductivity compared to MgO/water at temperature of 30 °C. Furthermore, 13.3% improvement in thermal conductivity was attained due to the inclusion of CuO in MWCNT/water at 30 °C. Similar trend was depicted at 40 °C such that the thermal conductivity was enhanced by 12.8% and 14.5% in MgO/water and MWCNT/water due to the inclusion of CuO, respectively. In addition, the nanoparticles volume fraction enhanced the nanofluids’ thermal conductivity at lower concentration only.

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Abbreviations

K p :

Thermal conductivity of nanoparticle, W m−1 K−1

K f :

Thermal conductivity of fluid, W m−1 K−1

ɸ :

Nanoparticles concentration in base fluids

n :

Experimental view factor

L :

Width of nanoparticle, nm

D :

Diameter of nanoparticle, nm

Nu:

Average Nusselt number = convective heat transfer/ conductive heat transfer across a boundary

Re:

Reynolds number = inertia force/viscous force

Pr:

Prandtl number = molecular diffusivity of momentum/molecular diffusivity of heat

Gz:

Graetz number is a dimensionless number that characterizes laminar flow in a conduit.

Gr:

Grashoff number = buoyancy/viscous

Pe:

Peclet number = heat flow rate by convection/heat flow rate by conduction

BF:

Base fluid

NF:

Nanofluid

NF1 :

Nanofluid with CuO and water

NF2 :

Nanofluid with CuO, MgO and water

NF3 :

Nanofluid with CuO, MWCNT and water

NFA :

Nanofluid with MgO and water

NFB :

Nanofluid with MWCNT and water

NF#1T1 :

Nanofluid with CuO and water at 30 ºC

NF#1T1 :

Nanofluid with CuO and water at 40 ºC

NF#AT1 :

Nanofluid with MgO and water at 30 ºC

NF#AT2 :

Nanofluid with MgO and water at 40 ºC

NF#2T1 :

Nanofluid with CuO, MgO and water at 30 ºC

NF#2T2 :

Nanofluid with CuO, MgO and water at 40 ºC

NF#BT1 :

Nanofluid with MWCNT and water at 30 ºC

NF#BT2 :

Nanofluid with MWCNT and water at 40 ºC

NF#3T1 :

Nanofluid with CuO, MWCNT and water at 30 ºC

NF#3T2 :

Nanofluid with CuO, MWCNT and water at 40 ºC

U :

Overall heat transfer coefficient, W m−2 K−1

h :

Heat transfer coefficient, W m−2 K−1

µ b :

Dynamic viscosity of base heat transfer fluid, Ns m−2

µ w :

Dynamic viscosity of water, Ns m−2

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India

    Prudhvi Krishna Amburi & G Senthilkumar

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, India

    A Nithya

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  1. Prudhvi Krishna Amburi
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Amburi, P.K., Senthilkumar, G. & Nithya, A. Novel use of CuO nanoparticles additive for improving thermal conductivity of MgO/water and MWCNT/water nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 10389–10398 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12374-z

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