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Exergy, exergoeconomic, enviroeconomic, and sustainability index analysis of diesel engine fueled by binary combinations of diesel/waste animal fat biodiesel

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Abstract

In this study, the exergy, exergoeconomic, enviroeconomic, and sustainability index analyzes of blends of biodiesel and diesel obtained from waste animal fats were examined. Within the scope of this study, the engine used in the experimental study has the features of a 3000-rpm fixed-speed four-stroke, single-cylinder, and air-cooled compression ignition engine. In addition, seven different fuels (D100 (0% Biodiesel + 100% Diesel), D90B10 (90% Diesel + 10% Animal Biodiesel), D80B20 (80% Diesel + 20% Animal Biodiesel), D70B30 (70% Diesel + 30% Animal Biodiesel), D50B50 (50% Diesel + 50% Animal Biodiesel), D25B75 (25% Diesel + 75% Animal Biodiesel), B100 (0% Diesel + 100% Animal Biodiesel)) were used in this study. The experiments were performed by loading the engine at 500 W intervals between 500 and 3000 W. As a result, the highest exergy efficiency was 24.86%, and obtained in D90B10 fuel at a 3000 W engine load. The lowest relative cost difference was 2.04, and obtained in D90B10 fuel at 3000 W engine load. The maximum sustainability index value was 1.98, and obtained in D90B10 fuel at a 3000 W engine load. In terms of enviroeconomics, while the cost of annual CO2 emission of all fuels is low at low engine loads, it increases as engine load increases. It is seen that D90B10 fuel is closest to D100 fuel at low engine loads. Their values are respectively 42.55 USD year−1 and 43.22 USD year−1.

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Abbreviations

\(E\dot{x}\) :

Exergy rate, kW

T :

Temperature, K

LHV:

Lower heating value, Kj kg−1

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate, kg s−1

T :

Torque, Nm

ex:

Specific exergy rate, kJ kg−1

\(\overline{R }\) :

Universal gas constant, kJ kmol−1 K−1

y:

Molar fraction, %

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate, kW

\(\dot{C}\) :

Cost flow rate, $ h−1

\(\dot{Z}\) :

Capital investment cost rate, $ h−1

c :

Specific exergy cost, $ GJ−1

CRF:

Capital recovery factor, −

PEC:

Purchased equipment cost, $

H:

Annual working hours, h year−1

i :

Interest rate, %

N:

System lifetime, year

r :

Relative cost difference, −

\(\dot{IP}\) :

Improvement potential, kW

DN:

Depletion number, −

SI:

Sustainability index, −

\({x}_{{\text{CO}}_{2}}\) :

CO2 emission emitting in the working time, kg CO2 time−1

\({y}_{{\text{CO}}_{2}}\) :

CO2 emission value, g kWh−1

\({C}_{{\text{CO}}_{2}}\) :

Enviroeconomic parameter, USD year−1

\({c}_{{\text{CO}}_{2}}\) :

Emission price of the CO2, USD kg CO2−1

\(\varepsilon\) :

Chemical exergy factor, −

\(\omega\) :

Angular velocity, rad s−1

\(\phi\) :

Maintenance factor, −

\(\psi\) :

Exergetic efficiency, %

ch:

Chemical

dest:

Destruction

env:

Environmental

exh:

Exhaust

in:

Inlet

out:

Outlet

tm:

Physical

W :

Work

0:

Reference state

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Funding

No financial support was received from any institution or organization for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Suleyman Şimsek

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey

    Gürşah Gürüf & Samet Uslu

  3. Machinery and Metal Technologies Department, Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey

    Hatice Şimsek

Authors
  1. Suleyman Şimsek
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  2. Gürşah Gürüf
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  3. Samet Uslu
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  4. Hatice Şimsek
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Contributions

Süleyman Şimşek and Hatice Şimşek designed the entire experiments. Samet Uslu and Gürşah Gürüf established the model, analyzed the results, and wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Gürşah Gürüf.

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Şimsek, S., Gürüf, G., Uslu, S. et al. Exergy, exergoeconomic, enviroeconomic, and sustainability index analysis of diesel engine fueled by binary combinations of diesel/waste animal fat biodiesel. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 7767–7780 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12273-3

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