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Effect of carbon nanotube mass fraction and distribution on microwave heating effect of rubber composites

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Abstract

Rubber composites with different carbon nanotubes (CNT) mass fraction and distribution were constructed. The effect of CNT mass fraction and distribution on microwave heating effect of rubber composites was studied by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) method. The results show that compared with natural rubber (NR), the area of high-temperature regions and the number of hot spots in the rubber composites increased significantly due to the addition of CNT. Hot spots appeared at the positions of CNT. The lowest hot spot temperature of rubber composite is 591 K. The highest temperature of hot spot is far higher than the vulcanization temperature commonly used for rubber. The microwave heating rate and heating uniformity of rubber composites are significantly affected by the mass fraction and distribution of CNT. With the increase in CNT mass fraction, the heating rate of rubber composites firstly increased and then decreased; however, the heating uniformity showed an opposite trend. The maximum heating rate reached 287.77 K ps−1 when the CNT mass fraction is 9.21%. When the CNT mass fraction is 4.83%, the microwave heating temperature difference of the rubber composites showed a minimum value, and the minimum value was 3.03 K. When CNT were distributed vertically, the microwave heating rate of the rubber composites showed a maximum value, and the maximum value was 1014.21 K ps−1. When CNT were distributed diagonally, the microwave heating temperature difference of the rubber composites showed a minimum value, and the minimum value was 6.25 K.

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Abbreviations

E ext (t):

Time-varying electric field

E0:

Electric field amplitude, V m−1

ƒ:

Microwave frequency, Hz

t :

Time, s

B :

Magnetic field value,

m :

Mass of the ith atom, kg

v :

Velocity of the ith atom, m s−1

q i,q j :

The charges of the ith and jth charged particles.

r :

The interatomic distance, m

σ :

Interatomic distance when the L–J potential is zero, m

ε :

The depth of the potential well

ƒ e :

Instantaneous value of electric field force, N

w :

Electric field angular frequency, rad s−1

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Acknowledgements

This project is supported by Qingdao University of Science and Technology Research Startup Fund (Grant No. 210-010022868) and jointly supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2019MEE030, ZR2019BEE022).

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  1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Yudong Xu, Bingzhen Mu, Tao Li & Hailong Chen

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  1. Yudong Xu
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  2. Bingzhen Mu
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Xu, Y., Mu, B., Li, T. et al. Effect of carbon nanotube mass fraction and distribution on microwave heating effect of rubber composites. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 5347–5356 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12088-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12088-2

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