Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation of thermal transient behavior of block and coolant in an internal combustion engine after shutdown

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The proper estimation of thermal behavior of the block and coolant after engine shutdown is essential, because when the engine is shut down and coolant flow stops, cylinder head temperature may increase enough to vaporize a fraction of the coolant within the jackets, eventually causing the pressure to rise and a quantity of the coolant leaks out. Also, the cylinder head will be hotter than the block as a result; their non-homogeneous expansion causes strain–stresses on the head gasket. A simplest and most convenient method to study transient heating and cooling problems is using analytical solution. It has been considered that heat is transferred under one-dimensional, unsteady-state conditions with no internal generation of thermal energy. Results show that the total heat transfer from block to the coolant can be obtained by multiplying engine coolant heat rate (\(\dot{q}_{{{\text{cooling}}}}\)) just before shutdown by L2/α ratio. So the cast iron block transfers much more heat (about 4 times) to the coolant than aluminum block. Hence, the time needed for the aluminum block to reach steady-state conditions is about 4 times faster than cast iron block. Accordingly, in order to reduce fuel consumption and emissions in the warm-up period, the thickness of the block should be minimized as much as possible. For example, the thickness of iron block should be about half the thickness of the aluminum block. Also in order to reduce the heat transfer to the coolant (\(\dot{q}_{{{\text{cooling}}}}\)), the engine should be brought to idle for a short period and finally shut down. In order to determine the control strategy of intelligent cooling system (ICS), the present study suggests that the water pump should be started a few seconds (more than 5 s) after engine shutdown and operated at a lower speed. The main results and innovations of the present work are that the L2/α ratio plays a fundamental role in the design of the engine head and block geometry and the determination of the ICS control strategy after engine shutdown.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

BMEP:

Brake Mean Effective Pressure

ICS:

Intelligent Cooling System

LCF:

Low Cycle Fatigue

A:

Area (m2)

Bi:

Biot number [-]

C :

Specific heat [ kJ kg−1 K−1]

\(\dot{E}\) :

Rate of energy [W]

Fo:

Fourier number [-]

h:

Convection heat transfer coefficient [W m−2 K−1]

K:

Kelvin [K]

k:

Thermal conductivity [W m−1 K−1]

L, x :

Length (m)

Lc :

Characteristic Length

\(\dot{q}\) :

The rate of energy generation per unit volume [W m−3]

T:

Temperature [ºC]

t :

Time [S]

V:

Volume [m3]

α:

Thermal diffusivity [m2 s−1]

ρ:

Density [kg m−3]

θ:

Dimensionless temperature [-]

c:

Characteristic

f:

Final condition

i:

Initial condition

in:

Inlet

max:

Maximum

n:

Number

out:

Outlet

s:

Surface

st:

Storage

0:

At time = 0

1:

Inner surfaces

2:

Outer surfaces

∞:

Free stream conditions and infinity

*:

Dimensionless form

References

  1. Wu Z, Dong F, Song D, Yuan T. Experimental and numerical study of boiling heat transfer in engine water jackets using eulerian multiphase model. Warrendale: SAE technical papers; 2018.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Hawley JG, Wilson M, Campbell NAF, Hammond GP, Leathard MJ. Predicting boiling heat transfer using computational fluid dynamic. Instn Mech Eng Part D Automob Eng. 2004;218:509–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Karamangil MI, Kaynakli O, Surmen A. Parametric investigation of cylinder and jacket side convective heat transfer coefficients of gasoline engines. Energy Convers Manag. 2006;47:800–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Baniamerian Z, Nazoktabar M, Mehdipour R. Simulation of boiling heat transfer within water jacket of 4-cylinder gasoline engine. Int J Eng IJE Trans C: Asp. 2014;27(12):1928–35.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Piccione R, Bova S. Engine rapid shutdown: Experimental investigation on the cooling system transient resonance. J Eng Gas Turbine Power Trans ASME. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4000262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nourbakhsh A, Bayareh M, Mohammadi A, Jahantighi S. Effect analysis on boiling heat transfer performance of an internal combustion engine at the shutdown time. Int J Therm Sci. 2018;129:365–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Pang SC, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA. Transient simulation of coolant peak temperature due to prolonged fan and/or water pump operation after the vehicle is keyed-off. Heat Mass Transf. 2014;50:39–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Picarelli A, Galindo E, Diaz G. Thermal shock testing for engines in dymola. In: Proceedings of the 10th international modelica conference, Lund, Sweden; 2014

  9. Beranger M, Morin G, Saanouni S, Koster A, Maurel V. Fatigue of automotive engine cylinder heads –A new model based on crack propagation. MATEC Web Conf. 2018;165:10013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Incropera FP, Dewitt DV, Bergman TL, Levine AS. Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. 6th ed. New York: Wiley; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ajeel RK, Sopian K, Zulkifli R. Thermal-hydraulic performance and design parameters in a curved-corrugated channel with L-shaped baffles and nanofluid. J Energy Storage. 2021;34:101996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ajeel RK, Zulkifli R, Sopian K, Fayyadh SN, Fazlizan A, Ibrahim A. Numerical investigation of binary hybrid nanofluid in new configurations for curved-corrugated channel by thermal-hydraulic performance method. Powder Technol. 2021;385:144–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ranmode V, Singh M, Bhattacharya J. Analytical formulation of effective heat transfer coefficient and extension of lumped capacitance method to simplify the analysis of packed bed storage systems. Sol Energy. 2019;183:606–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bruke R, Copeland C, Duda T, Reyes-Belmonte MA. Lumped capacitance and 3D CFD conjugate heat transfer modeling of an automotive turbocharger. In: Proceeding of ASME Turbo Expo, Montréal, Canada; 2015

  15. Heywood JB. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Schneider PJ. Conduction heat transfer. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gholinia M, Pourfallah M, Chamani HR. Numerical investigation of heat transfers in the water jacket of heavy duty diesel engine by considering boiling phenomenon. Case Stud Therm Eng. 2018;12:497–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author thanks the Irankhodro Powertrain Company (IPCO) for supporting this research and providing the engine experimental setup.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

    Mohsen Nazoktabar

Authors
  1. Mohsen Nazoktabar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohsen Nazoktabar.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nazoktabar, M. Investigation of thermal transient behavior of block and coolant in an internal combustion engine after shutdown. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 2119–2128 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11823-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11823-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation