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Prediction of heat release rate of single/double 32,650 lithium ion batteries

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Abstract

In order to explore the thermal safety of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), a series of thermal runaway tests for single 32,650 LIB with different state of charges (SOC) and double 32,650 LIBs with different spacings from 0 to 2 D (D is 32 mm) are conducted in this work. It is clearly shown that the increasing SOC decreases the onset and duration time of the jet fire stages, increasing the mass loss and flame area in the jet fire stages. With the spacing decreases, the thermal effect of the flames on the LIBs is enhanced, which decreases the onset and duration time of the jet fire stages, increasing the mass loss and strengthening the combustion in the two second jet fire stages. In addition, according to the flame surface area and mass loss rate (MLR), the heat of combustion of LIB is estimated as \(\Delta H_{{\text{c}}} = 8.21\;{\text{kJ}}\,\text{g}^{-1}\), and a simplified model is derived to predict the heat release rate (HRR) of LIBs. The above results provide a theoretical foundation for quantitative assessment of the fire risk of the LIBs.

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Abbreviations

LIB:

Lithium ion battery

SOC:

State of charge

HRR:

Heat release rate

MLR:

Mass loss rate

ISO:

International organization for standardization

H:

Battery sample height (mm)

\(\Delta H_{{\text{c}}}\) :

Heat of combustion (kJ g−1)

\(S\) :

Flame surface area (m2)

\(d\) :

Flame width (m)

\(h\) :

Flame height (m)

\(L\) :

Cone bevel length (m)

\(\dot{q}\) :

Heat release rate (kJ s−1)

\(k\) :

Heat release rate of unit flame surface (kW m−2)

\(\chi\) :

Combustion efficiency

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass loss rate (kg s−1)

\(\overline{{{\text{HRR}}}}\) :

Average heat release rate (kJ s−1)

\({\text{HRR}}_{\max }\) :

Maximum heat release rate (kJ s−1)

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52204253, No.51974298), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2022QN1009, NO. 2021ZDPYYQ004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fire Safety in Urban Underground Space, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China

    Weiguang An, Yongcheng Lu, Fengkai Liu, Tao Wang, Wenshu Xu & Zhi Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China

    Weiguang An, Yongcheng Lu, Fengkai Liu, Tao Wang, Wenshu Xu & Zhi Wang

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  1. Weiguang An
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An, W., Lu, Y., Liu, F. et al. Prediction of heat release rate of single/double 32,650 lithium ion batteries. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 2057–2067 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11766-x

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