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Performance enhancement in double-layer tapered microchannels by changing the wall hydrophobicity and working fluid

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Abstract

Due to the acceptable performance of microchannel heat sinks in electronic components, their performance enhancement in repelling the high heat fluxes has received much attention. In this research, the effects of applying the hybrid nanofluid flows in a double-layer microchannel heat sink with superhydrophobic walls are investigated numerically. The finite volume method is used to perform numerical simulations of the 3D solid–liquid conjugate model. The conventional straight microchannel containing pure water is considered as the base case and the aim is to increase the thermohydraulic performance of these channels by using hybrid nanofluid, converging channels, and superhydrophobic surfaces. The results indicate that at low Re numbers, the thermal resistance of the hybrid nanofluid in the superhydrophobic microchannel (in all values of tapered factor) is lower than that of the conventional microchannel with pure water. However, at high Re numbers, the situation is reversed. This is due to the higher temperature jumps at the wall contact surfaces for high Re numbers. Also, the excessive pumping power caused by the nanoparticles for volume fractions less than 3% can be compensated with superhydrophobic surfaces.

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Abbreviations

A :

Channel inlet area, m2

\(c_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Specific heat capacity, \({\text{J Kg}}^{ - 1} {\text{K}}^{ - 1}\)

\(D_{{\text{h}}}\) :

Hydraulic diameter, m

\(d\) :

Diameter of nanoparticles, m

\(h_{{\text{m}}}\) :

Mean coefficient of convection heat transfer, \({\text{Wm}}^{ - 2} {\text{K}}^{ - 1}\)

\(k\) :

Thermal conductivity, \({\text{Wm}}^{ - 1} {\text{K}}^{ - 1}\)

\(k_{{\text{b}}}\) :

Boltzmann constant

\(l_{{\text{s}}}\) :

Slip length, μm

\(L_{{\text{x}}}\) :

Length of heat sink, μm

\(L_{{\text{y}}}\) :

Width of heat sink, μm

\(L_{{\text{z}}}\) :

Height of heat sink, μm

N :

Number of channels

\({\text{Nu}}_{{\text{m}}}\) :

Mean Nu number

\(p\) :

Pressure, Pa

\(q\prime \prime_{{\text{s}}}\) :

Heat flux, \({\text{Wm}}^{ - 2}\)

\({\text{Re}}\) :

Re number

\({\text{Re}}_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Reynolds number of nanoparticles

\({\text{R}}_{{{\text{th}}}}\) :

Thermal resistance, KW−1

T :

Temperature, K

\(\overline{T}_{{\text{s}}}\) :

Mean solid temperature, K

\(t_{{\text{s}}}\) :

Thickness of plates, μm

TF :

Tapered factor

W :

Total microchannel width, μm

\(W_{{\text{c}}}\) :

Width of channel, μm

\(W_{{\text{s}}}\) :

Width of vertical walls, μm

\(\Delta p\) :

Pressure loss, Pa

\({\uprho }\) :

Density, Kg \({\text{m}}^{ - 3}\)

\({\upmu }\) :

Absolute viscosity, Pa.s

\(\varphi\) :

Nanoparticles volume concentrations

\({\Omega }\) :

Power of pumping, W

f :

Fluid

fr :

Freezing point

in:

Inlet

m :

Mean or average

max:

Maximum

out:

Outlet

s :

Solid part

w :

Water

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    Sajjad Sarvar-Ardeh & Roohollah Rafee

  2. Department of Energy, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    Saman Rashidi

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  1. Sajjad Sarvar-Ardeh
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Sarvar-Ardeh, S., Rafee, R. & Rashidi, S. Performance enhancement in double-layer tapered microchannels by changing the wall hydrophobicity and working fluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 1073–1086 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11681-1

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