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A critical review on the effect of morphology, stability, and thermophysical properties of graphene nanoparticles in nanolubricants and nanofluids

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Abstract

This paper presents a blueprint for major exploration advances in graphene-based nanolubricants and nanofluids achieved over the last few years. Graphene is being studied worldwide as a coolant and lubricant additive due to its excellent thermophysical and tribological properties. With this in mind, a variety of synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and methods are highlighted for studying tested and developed properties. In addition to that, factors influencing the thermal conductivity, viscosity, stability, and applications of different nanoparticles are described in detail. Improvement of viscosity, antiwear, and thermal conductivity behavior of graphene-based nanofluids plays a vital role, but not many mechanisms have been introduced. Graphene nanoparticles are most effective and promising the better heat transfer rate among other mostly used nanoparticles in the cooling and lubricant sector. It increases the effectiveness almost two times at higher concentration suspended in water. This complete overview, along with key comments and recommendations, may relate to future headings in this audit area.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AW:

Antiwear

BF:

Base fluid

CHF:

Critical heat flux

CTAB:

Cetyltri-methyl ammonium bromide

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

CONC:

Concentration

DMF:

Dimethyl form amide

DW:

Distilled water

EP:

Extreme pressure

EG:

Ethylene glycol

F-HEG:

Functionalized graphene

GE:

Graphene

GO:

Graphene oxide

GONs:

Graphene oxide nanosheets

GNPs:

Graphene nanoplatelets

GQD:

Graphene quantum dot

HEG:

Hydrogen-induced exfoliated graphene

HOPG:

Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

HRTEM:

High-resolution transmission electron micrograph

LP:

Liquid paraffin

MoDtc:

Molybdenum dithio-carbamate

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

NDG:

Nitrogen-doped graphene

NPs:

Nanoparticles

OEM:

Original equipment manufacturer

OHTC:

Overall heat transfer coefficient

PS:

Particle size

PM:

Preparation method

PMMA:

Polymethyl methacrylate

PG :

Propyl glycol

RGO :

Reduced graphene oxide

SDBS:

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SFTs :

Surfactants

SM :

Synthesis method

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TEOS:

Tetraethyl orthosilicate

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TEOS :

Tetraethyl orthosilicate

THW:

Transient heat ray

h:

Convective heat transfer coefficient, w m−2K−1

k:

Thermal conductivity, W m−1K−1

Nu:

Nusselt number

Re:

Renolds number

Pr:

Prandtl number

W:

Watt

M:

Meter

k:

Kelvin

TPa:

Tera pascal

GPa:

Giga pascal

Ω:

Ohm

μm:

Micrometer

cm:

Centimeter

m:

Meter

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, 627 152, India

    K. Suresh, P. Selvakumar, M. Vijayakumar & N. Rachael Jenita

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Sathyamangalam, Erode, 638 401, India

    G. Kumaresan & M. Ravikumar

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  1. K. Suresh
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Suresh, K., Selvakumar, P., Kumaresan, G. et al. A critical review on the effect of morphology, stability, and thermophysical properties of graphene nanoparticles in nanolubricants and nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 451–472 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11662-4

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