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Assessment of thermo-hydraulic performance of MXene-based nanofluid as coolant in a dimpled channel: a numerical approach

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Abstract

The present study numerically investigates the optimization of thermal performance in a dimpled channel using a promising genre of nanofluid which is equipped with the inclusion of two-dimensional (2D) MXene (Ti3C2) nanoparticles to the soybean oil. The stream-wise and span-wise variation of the spherical dimples was kept 3.00 and 3.15 over the flow domain with an elongation of 2.5 mm. The detailed evaluation of both the local and global parameters is carried out for 0.025%, 0.075%, and 0.125% mass concentrations of MXene. The Reynolds number is varied from 1000 to 6000 to understand the effect of both the laminar and turbulent flow characteristics in predicting the thermal performance. The simulations are carried out using finite volume method (FVM) under constant heat flux, assuming the mixture of nanoparticles as homogeneous mixture. The results show that with the increase in the mass concentration of nanoparticles, thermal performances of the nanofluid increase. However, it is also identified that with the increase in Reynolds number, the thermal performance increases under turbulent flow regime. On the contrary, thermal performance was observed to be decreased with the increase in Reynolds number under laminar flow regime. An astounding improvement in 88.9% thermal performance is found for 0.125% mass concentrations of soybean-based MXene nanofluid which exclusively indicates the credibility of MXene nanofluid as a next generation potential candidate for heat exchanger industries.

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Abbreviations

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamics

FVM:

Finite volume method

TKE:

Turbulent kinetic energy

HTC:

Heat transfer coefficient

PEC:

Performance evaluation criterion

TI:

Turbulent intensity

SO:

Soybean oil

DPM:

Discrete phase method

PER:

Properties enhancement ratio

e/d :

The ratio of dimple depth to dimpled diameter

x/d :

Stream-wise spacing

y/d :

Span-wise spacing

v :

Velocity/m s−1

C p :

Specific heat of fluid/J kg−1 K−1

D h :

Hydraulic diameter P pressure/N m−2

\(q^{\prime \prime }\) :

Wall heat flux/W m−2

T :

Temperature/K

Nu:

Nusselt number

Pr:

Prandtl number

Re:

Reynolds number

Mass%:

Nanoparticle mass concentration in percentage

k :

Thermal conductivity/W m−1 K−1

W:

Watt

μ :

Dynamic viscosity/(N s) m−2

γ :

Kinematic viscosity/m2 s−1

ρ :

Density/kg m−3

i, j, k:

Tensor index

bf:

Basefluid

nf:

Nanofluid

b:

Bulk

w:

Wall

ref:

Reference value

rs:

Rough surface

ss:

Smooth surface

np:

Nanoparticle

avg:

Averaged

0:

Initial value

Z:

Flow direction, velocity components u, v, and w in x, y, and z directions

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    F. Ahmed

  2. Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA

    Achiya Khanam

  3. Research Center for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    L. Samylingam & R. Saidur

  4. Department of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technica 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic

    Navid Aslfattahi

  5. Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK

    R. Saidur

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  1. F. Ahmed
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  2. Achiya Khanam
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  3. L. Samylingam
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Ahmed, F., Khanam, A., Samylingam, L. et al. Assessment of thermo-hydraulic performance of MXene-based nanofluid as coolant in a dimpled channel: a numerical approach. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 12669–12692 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11376-7

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