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Effect of solvents, catalysts and drying agent addition on the thermal stability of zinc phthalocyanine in the hybrid sol–gel matrix

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Abstract

Hybrid materials based on zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and modified silica glass matrix (Organically Modified Silicate; ORMOSIL) were synthesized by the sol–gel method using protic solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol) and aprotic solvents (N,N-dimethylformamide; DMF, tetrahydrofuran, (THF); dichloromethane (DMC)) and non-polar 1,4-dioxane. The effect of sol–gel route with NaOH or NH4OH addition (a single stage process) and acid-alkaline environment based on HCl-NaOH (a two-stage process) was analyzed over time. ZnPc stability in the ORMOSIL sols was monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The highest stability of zinc phthalocyanine in the glass was obtained for synthesis with isopropanol. The lowest stability of ZnPc is observed when the non-polar and DMF are used as a solvent for the synthesis. The thermal stability of the materials was studied by TG-DSC methods. Additional influence of organic base such as pyridine was analyzed. Dissolution of ZnPc in the pyridine causes cessation of degradation for two months. Thermoluminescence (TL) study showed significant impact of the solvent on intensity of the ZnPc signal in the UV range.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr Jarosław Grolik (Jagiellonian University), Prof. Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska (AGH University of Science and Technology) for advice on the preparation of experiments and Prof. Magdalena Szumera (AGH University of Science and Technology) for thermal analysis measurements. This work was supported from the subsidy of the Ministry of Education and Science for the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków (Project No 16.16.160.557).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland

    Barbara Popanda & Marcin Środa

  2. The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland

    Wojciech Gieszczyk

Authors
  1. Barbara Popanda
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  2. Marcin Środa
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  3. Wojciech Gieszczyk
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Barbara Popanda; Methodology: Barbara Popanda, Marcin Środa, Wojciech Gieszczyk; Validation: Barbara Popanda, Wojciech Gieszczyk; Formal analysis: Barbara Popanda; Investigation: Barbara Popanda, Marcin Środa, Wojciech Gieszczyk; Resources: Barbara Popanda, Wojciech Gieszczyk; Data Curation: Barbara Popanda, Wojciech Gieszczyk; Writing – Barbara Popanda, Marcin Środa; Writing - Review & Editing: Barbara Popanda, Marcin Środa; Visualization: Barbara Popanda, Marcin Środa; Supervision: Barbara Popanda, Marcin Środa; Project administration: Barbara Popanda; Funding acquisition: Marcin Środa

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Correspondence to Barbara Popanda.

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Popanda, B., Środa, M. & Gieszczyk, W. Effect of solvents, catalysts and drying agent addition on the thermal stability of zinc phthalocyanine in the hybrid sol–gel matrix. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 9987–9997 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11373-w

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