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Evaluation of thermoplastic filaments to construct a disposable 3D printed platform for atomic absorption spectrometry

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Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining considerable interest due to the inherent capacity of fast and low-cost prototyping of customized devices and parts. In this work, seventeen commercial thermoplastic polymer filaments (PLA, TPU, and ABS) and one PLA pellet for fused deposition modeling (FDM) were characterized and evaluated to develop a disposable sample holder to be used as a solid sampling platform in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). For GFAAS application, the selection of polymer filaments took into account no or minimal mass residue, decomposition profile, the lowest thermal decomposition temperatures, and colorless filament (preferably). These conditions are essential for the rapid and complete elimination of polymeric matrix without generating residues inside the graphite tube atomizer and lower analytical blanks. Thus, the filaments and pellets were characterized by thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It is desirable that the sample holder can be entirely decomposed at the lowest possible temperature. The PLA pellet material was chosen because it presented glass transition 71.7 \(^\circ\)C, melting temperature at 182.7 \(^\circ\)C, and showed single decomposition step in the 245–325 \(^\circ\)C range (with peak temperature at 304.4 \(^\circ\)C), without generating mass residue. The printed sample holder was tested in a commercial spectrometer. As “proof-of-concept," the calibration curve for cobalt (0–9.0 ng) was built up with a correlation coefficient of 0.9987. The RSD was < 10%, and the quantification limit was 1.18 ng. Recoveries of Co added to water samples varied from 96–102%.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, grant number \(\#\)2019/07537-6) for financially supporting this work and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the fellowship to J.V.B.S. (grant number \(\#\)168976/2018-8), and researchship to J.A.G.N (grant number \(\#\)302414/2017-7) and C.A.R (grant number \(\#\)2016/15504-2). We also thank the LMA-IQ-UNESP for the availability of using the scanning electron microscope.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analytical, Inorganic and Physical-Chemistry Department, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Professor Francisco Degni Street 55, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil

    João Victor Biagi Santiago, Clóvis Augusto Ribeiro, Diogenes S. Dias, Edilene Cristina Ferreira & Jose A. G. Neto

  2. UNIARA-Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory, Carlos Gomes Street 1217, Araraquara, SP, 14801-340, Brazil

    Hernane da Silva Barud

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  1. João Victor Biagi Santiago
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  2. Hernane da Silva Barud
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Correspondence to Clóvis Augusto Ribeiro or Jose A. G. Neto.

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Santiago, J.V.B., Barud, H.d.S., Ribeiro, C.A. et al. Evaluation of thermoplastic filaments to construct a disposable 3D printed platform for atomic absorption spectrometry. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 7749–7759 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-11093-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-11093-7

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