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Study on the performance assessment of a novel hybrid heat pump system modified with dedicated mechanical sub-cooler for domestic heating applications

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Abstract

This article investigates the performance of a novel hybrid heat pump system, which is developed to recover the waste heat from the flue gas of domestic heating boiler. The purpose of proposed system is: to increase the return water temperature, to heat the boiler supply air, and to provide the hot air for indoor heating. The developed system consists of an air heater (acts as a dedicated mechanical sub-cooler), a multistage condensing economizer and a vapor compression heat pump. A test case of common building is considered for the performance assessment of system, which is based on the 4E analysis. For this purpose, ten refrigerants are selected. The results show that about 25.58% increase in the coefficient of performance can be obtained for the proposed model as compared to simple vapor compression cycle if operated with R245fa, which also have a lowest exergy destruction rate (38.27%) as compared to other studied refrigerants. From the perspective of improvement in boiler’s energy and exergy efficiency, R114 is used to be the most effective among other refrigerant (10.33% increase in energy efficiency and 4.74% increase in exergy efficiency). Parametric study results have shown that the variation in ambient conditions should be considered carefully while selecting a refrigerant to significantly improve the system performance, exergy efficiency, and relevant economics on regional basis. From the obtained results, a novel yet simple refrigerant selection approach is proposed which can also be adopted for other thermodynamic cycles.

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Abbreviations

\(A\) :

Heat transfer area, m2

ALR :

Annual leakage rate, % of RC

AAD:

Average absolute deviation, %

\(B\) :

Fuel saved, kg

BCRA :

Benefit-to-cost ratio analysis

\(C_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Specific heat, kJ kg−1 K−1

COP :

Coefficient of performance

\(C\) :

Penalty cost, $ ton−1

\(D\) :

Tube diameter, m

\(D_{{\text{P}}}\) :

Depletion number

Ė :

Exergy, kW

EOL :

End of life leakage, % of RC

\(F\) :

Fouling factor, m2·K kW−1

f :

Frictional factor

\(H\) :

Humidity, kg of water vapor per kg of dry fly gas

\(h\) :

Specific enthalpy, kJ kg−1

\(h_{{{\text{if}}}} , h_{{{\text{of}}}}\) :

Heat transfer coefficient inside and outside the tubes, kW m−2 K−1

\(\dot{I}\) :

Irreversibility, kW

K :

Thermal conductivity, kW m−1 K−1

LHV :

Lower heating value, kJ Nm−3

LT :

System lifetime, years

\(M\) :

Molar mass, kg kmol−1

\(m\) :

Mass, kg Nm−3 of fuel)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate, kg s−1

\(M_{{{\text{emissions}}}}\) :

Mass equivalent to emissions, kg

\(N\) :

Fuel consumption, kg

Nu :

Nusselt number

\(P\) :

Pressure, Pa

Pr :

Prandtl number

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate, kW

Re :

Reynolds number

RC :

Refrigerant charge, kg

\(s\) :

Specific entropy, kJ kg−1 K−1

\(\it {\text{SI}}\) :

Sustainability index

\(T\) :

Ambient temperature, ℃

\(t\) :

Time, hours

\(U\) :

Overall heat transfer coefficient, kW m−2 K−1)

\(\dot{V}\) :

Volume flow rate, m3 s−1

\(\dot{W}\) :

Power, kW

\(x\) :

Mass fraction, %

\(\dot{x}\) :

Exergy destruction, kW

\(Z\) :

Total penalty cost saved, $

\(\varphi\) :

Relative humidity

\(\Delta T\) :

Temperature difference, ℃

\(\eta\) :

Efficiency, %

\(\mu\) :

Emission factor

A:

Ambient

cw:

Condensed water

dg:

Dry flue gas

dp:

Dew point

If:

Inside flow

O:

Reference or dead state

of:

Outside flow

op:

Operating

P:

Partial

ref:

Refrigerant

s:

Saturated

sl:

Surface losses

T:

Total

wv:

Water vapor

w:

Water

wo:

Water leaving the boiler

wi:

Water entering the boiler

AH:

Air heater

Aux:

Auxiliaries

B:

Blower

CEPCI:

Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index

COMP:

Compressor

COND:

Condenser

C:

Chimney

EVAP:

Evaporator

FG:

Flue gas

GWP:

Global warming potential

HA:

Hot air

IDCCU:

Indirect contact condensing unit

LHV:

Lower heating value

LMTD:

Logarithmic mean temperature difference

NG:

Natural gas

ODP:

Ozone depletion potential

RW:

Return water

SA:

Supply air

SW:

Supply water

WHR:

Waste heat recovery

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Funding

The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51806171) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also appreciate the study support provided by Xi’an Jiaotong University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China

    Shah Rukh Jamil, Limin Wang, Hafiz Shakeeb Arslan & Defu Che

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  1. Shah Rukh Jamil
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Contributions

SRJ was involved in the conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, data curation, and writing—original draft. LW contributed to the formal analysis, investigation, methodology, and writing—review and editing. HSA was involved in the data curation and writing—review and editing. DC was involved in the supervision, funding acquisition, project administration, and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Defu Che.

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Jamil, S.R., Wang, L., Arslan, H.S. et al. Study on the performance assessment of a novel hybrid heat pump system modified with dedicated mechanical sub-cooler for domestic heating applications. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 7489–7508 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-11017-5

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