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Effect of lateral smoke extraction on transverse temperature distribution and smoke maximum temperature under ceiling in tunnel fires

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Abstract

This paper studied the effect of lateral smoke extraction on the transverse temperature distribution and maximum smoke temperature beneath the ceiling. The experiments were conducted in a reduced model tunnel (1:8). In the experimental study of optimal aspect ratio of the smoke extraction vent, a series of experimental conditions were considered. Keeping the same area of vents, four kind aspect ratios were set (n = 1, 2, 3, and 4). In experiment investigation of ceiling maximum smoke temperature, under the best vent aspect ratio n = 3, four fire heat release (50 kW, 60 kW, 70 kW, and 80 kW) rates were considered. The experimental results showed that the lateral smoke extraction system will affect the transverse temperature distribution, the transverse temperature distribution curve shows good stratification phenomenon, and the maximum temperature point will offset to the direction of the lateral extraction vent. The data of the maximum temperature under different test conditions were analyzed, and the influence factors of lateral smoke extraction were considered. Finally, the correlation of the maximum smoke temperature under the influence of lateral smoke extraction was proposed.

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Abbreviations

\(c_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Air specific heat capacity (kJ (kg K)−1)

\(g\) :

Acceleration of gravity (m s−2)

\(H_{{{\text{vent}}}}\) :

Height of lateral smoke extraction vent (m)

\(H_{{\text{d}}}\) :

Distance between burner surface and tunnel ceiling (m)

\(\Delta \dot{m}\) :

Mass flow of lateral smoke extraction (kg s−1)

\(n\) :

Aspect ratio of lateral smoke extraction vent

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Fire heat release rate (kW)

\(\dot{Q}_{{\text{a}}}\) :

Actual fire heat release rate for lateral smoke extraction (kW)

\(\dot{Q}_{{\text{c}}}\) :

Convective heat release rate (kW)

\(r\) :

Radius of the fire source (m)

\(S\) :

Area of the lateral smoke extraction vent (m2)

\(T\) :

Ceiling smoke temperature (K)

\(T_{{\text{a}}}\) :

Ambient temperature (K)

\(\Delta T_{\max }\) :

Ceiling maximum temperature rise (K)

\(\Delta T_{{{\text{vent}}}}\) :

Smoke temperature rise near lateral smoke extraction vent (K)

\(V\) :

Longitudinal ventilation velocity (m s−1)

\(V^{*}\) :

Dimensionless longitudinal ventilation velocity

\(V^{^{\prime}}\) :

Characteristic plume velocity (m s−1)

\(v^{*}\) :

Dimensionless lateral smoke extraction velocity

\(v\) :

Lateral smoke extraction velocity (m s−1)

\(W_{{{\text{vent}}}}\) :

Width of lateral smoke extraction vent (m)

\(\rho\) :

Smoke density (kg m−3)

\(\rho_{{\text{a}}}\) :

Ambient air density (kg m−3)

\(\Delta \rho\) :

Difference between the density of smoke and ambient air (kg m−3)

\(F\) :

Full scale

\(M\) :

Model scale

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Nature Science Funds of China under Grant Nos. 52076066, 51776060 and 51976051.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China

    Yuantao Zhu, Zunxin Zhao & Qiang Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China

    Fei Tang

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  1. Yuantao Zhu
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Correspondence to Fei Tang.

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Zhu, Y., Tang, F., Zhao, Z. et al. Effect of lateral smoke extraction on transverse temperature distribution and smoke maximum temperature under ceiling in tunnel fires. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 4275–4284 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10814-2

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