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Investigation of a hybrid thermochemical Cu–Cl cycle, carbon capturing, and ammonia production process

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Abstract

In this paper, a new integrated system is proposed consisting of four subsystems, including a Cu–Cl cycle, a carbon capture cycle (sodium-based sorbent), an ammonia production unit, and a methanation unit. Carbon capturing cycle with sodium-based sorbent could adsorb 1.5 times more than other sorbents such as amine-based sorbent. Moreover, Cu–Cl cycle is one of the promising cycles in terms of economic and low temperature. Therefore, integrating these two cycles with ammonia and methane production unit is the novelty for this paper. Also, Aspen plus software was used to simulate the developed system to evaluate the process of the system. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and mass/energy balance are performed for the developed systems through the simulation. The energy required to capture carbon dioxide was found to be 6.313 MW per kg of CO2, and the overall efficiency of the system is equal to 19.6%.

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Abbreviations

bar:

Pressure

°C:

Degree Celsius

Cp:

Specific heat (KJ mol−1 K−1)

DHFORMa :

Standard heat of formation (kJ mol−1)

DHSFRMb :

Standard solid heat of formation (kJ mol−1)

DGFORMc :

Standard Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ mol−1)

DGSFRMd :

Standard solid Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ mol−1)

\(E_{{{\mathrm{CO}}_{2} }}\) :

Total energy consumption per one kg of CO2

\(\eta_{{\mathrm{Cu - Cl}}}\) :

Energy efficiency of Cu–Cl cycle

\(\eta_{{{\mathrm{sys}}}}\) :

Overall efficiency of the developed system

\(\eta_{{{\mathrm{CCC}}}}\) :

Carbon capture cycle efficiency

g:

Gram

H:

Enthalpy of formation (kJ mol−1)

h:

Hour

J:

Joule

K:

Kelvin

k:

Kilo

LHV:

Lower heat value (kJ kg−1)

M:

Mega

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow (kg s−1)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat flow (kW)

s:

Second

V:

Electric voltage (v)

W:

Watt (kJ s−1)

\(\dot{W}\) :

Work (kW

\(\Delta\) :

Delta

\(\eta\) :

Efficiency

aq:

Aqueous

elec:

Electrical

g:

Gas

in:

Inlet

l:

Liquid

s:

Solid

sys:

System

CCC:

Carbon capture cycle

CH4 :

Methane

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

Cu:

Copper

Cu–Cl:

Copper-chlorine cycle

CuCl:

Copper monochloride

CuCl2 :

Copper chloride

Cu2OCl2 :

Copper oxychloride

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

H2 :

Hydrogen

H2O:

Water

HCl:

Hydrochloride acid

HRSG:

Heat recovery steam generator

O2 :

Oxygen

N2 :

Nitrogen

Na:

Sodium

NH3 :

Ammonia

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

NaOHCO3 :

Sodium bicarbonate

Na2CO3 :

Sodium carbonate

Press:

Pressure

SMR:

Steam methane reforming

Temp:

Temperature

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Renewable Energies and Environment Department, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Milad Izanloo & Mehdi Mehrpooya

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  1. Milad Izanloo
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Correspondence to Mehdi Mehrpooya.

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Izanloo, M., Mehrpooya, M. Investigation of a hybrid thermochemical Cu–Cl cycle, carbon capturing, and ammonia production process. J Therm Anal Calorim 144, 1907–1923 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10768-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10768-5

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